19th Century Flashcards
1
Q
What things summarise the 19th Century in IR?
A
- Increasing Imperial Competition;
- Increasing Cooperation
- Grassroots social movements
2
Q
What was the state of the international system in the 19th Century?
A
- Britain is the Hegemon (with
competition form other actors)
- Alliances and “winner takes all”
settlement of disputes
- Aggressor (loser) gets punished -
loses land
- Industrial revolution, increasing
trade, migration and colonisation
- R.o.W is increasingly
incorporated into the European
system
- Diversification of political ideas
and radical politics
- Equality, women’s rights, workers
rights
- All this taking place in the context
of colonial expansion
- Most conflict was occurring on
the periphery
3
Q
When was the British Hegemony?
A
1760s - 1910
4
Q
What were the material conditions for the rise of British Power?
A
- Finance (Insurance)
* Slave trade
5
Q
Summaries how the British Slave Trade accounted for the rise of British Power
A
- Transatlantic
- Europeans (Spanish and Portuguese)
industrialised the already existent
practice of slavery (African) and
whereas slaves in the area were
previously slaves for a set period of
time (normally as punishment) they
made it permanent - Spanish and Portugese used it to
facilitate their colonisation of the
Americas - Elizabeth I - 1600 on - Britain makes
it a large scale industrialised affair - Turned Britain’s American colonies
highly profitable - Banks and insurance companies made
huge profits off of the trade
6
Q
Summarise Napolean
A
- Napoleon first seeked to unite the entirety of Europe under republican rule - memory of rome - Ended up forming a hegemony under imperial principles - Took an alliance of Russia, Prussia, Austria and Britain to drive him into exile
7
Q
What was the concert of Europe?
A
- Post Napolean (1815-1914)
- Was an agreement to stem attempts to
take over Europe - Produced no written rules or
permanent institutions - an agreement
that in times of
crisis/revolution/dictators the
concert powers would meet to figure
out what to do
8
Q
What was the Springtime of the Peoples?
A
- 1848
- Series of anti-monarchal revolutions
in 6 different countries - Workers rights, freedom of the press
- Movements were oppressed by
reactionary forces across europe
(with Russia’s help) - Only lasting reform was abolition of
serfdom in Hungary and absolute
monarchy in Denmark
9
Q
Summarise the major events between the Concert of Europe and the Crimean War
A
- 1848 - Springtime of the People’s (
- British policy from 1815 was to keep
France strong enough to hold it’s own
against Russia - which Britain saw as
the biggest threat in the area -
worried they were going to rush in to
fill the void left by Napoleon - Also policy was to develop the
independence of central Europe and; the
Ottomans for same reason - Napolean III
- First elected leader of France
- Keen to see showdown between
Britain and Russia to create an
imbalance that he can take
advantage of (sought to complete
his Uncles shit)
10
Q
What was the Crimean War?
A
- 1853-56
- Russia vs Ottoman Empire for
treatment of Othedox Christians in
the Holy Land - Benjamin Disreali tried to bolster
the ottoman empire against Russia, angering UK christians - First truly modern war - journalists
- Precursor to WW1
- Peace of Paris
- Stipulate the neutralisation of
the Black Sea - Russia forbid to
maintain a fleet or rebuild
arsenals - Failure of demilitarisation 15
years later - (victors punishing losers)
- Stipulate the neutralisation of
11
Q
What was the British position post-Crimean War?
A
- Britain forced free trade policies on
its imperial holdings - In direct and indirect power, Britain
ruled over 80% of the world
12
Q
What occurred in the Industrial age in regard to imperialism and the marketplace?
A
Advertising/branding arises out of imperial competition
13
Q
What was the scramble for Africa?
A
- 1880-1900
- Rapid colonisation of the African
continent - Took place on a tide or European
nationalism - Press and communication made it a
public affair - Largely done by private actors acting
on behalf of states and corporations
14
Q
When was the slave trade abolished in Europe?
A
1804
15
Q
In what ways was the 19th century a time of increasing liberal freedom in Europe?
A
- Workers/women enfranchised -
abolition of slave trade in 1804
- Expansion of transnational links /
communications / travel
- International Postal Union (1874)
- Goals were set for standards for
transaport by road, rail and sea
- Negotiated clarification and
regulation of issues affecting trade
and economic development such as
tariffs and patents (copyrights)
- 30 intergovernmental bodies before
1914, 20 of which survived WW1
- International law became subject of
study
- Pooling of resources to advance
knowledge
- Trade Expos
- Colonioal and imperial in nature
- To include the pubic in the
conversation
- Used as springboards for
conferences
