World War II Flashcards
1
Q
Why did US open up a formal recognition of hte Soviet?
A
Worried about growin power of Germany
Possible trade with Soviet
2
Q
How did FDR attempt to improve relations with Latin Amecia?
A
Good Neibor Policy
US denounces rmed intervention
3
Q
Reciprocal Trade Agreement?
A
1934
Reduciton of US tariffs if other countries do the same
4
Q
During 1930s, what totalitarian regimes emerged?
A
Italy: Mussolini Fascits party comes to power in 1922
Soviet: Stalin
Germany: Hitler and Nazi party come to power in 1933
Japan: Milaristic govt comes to power under Tojo in 1941
5
Q
What did totalitarian countries begin to do?
A
militarize and expand its borders
6
Q
How did Japan expand?
A
1931 Conquered Manchuria (threatened open door policy)
7
Q
What did Japan do with the LON?
A
withdrew and built up their navy
8
Q
What did Italy do with expansion?
A
Attacked Ethiopia in 1935
9
Q
What was the Nye Commission?
A
1934
Americans were disillustioned with their participation in WWI
Ideology that American bankers and arms manufactorers caused US entry into WWI
10
Q
Why did Congress pass a series of Neutrality Acts?
A
1935-37
keep the US neutral in the event of conflict
Outlaw arms sales
No loans to nations at war
US could not help out even if a country was the innocent victim of agression
11
Q
Spanish Civil War?
A
Fascist govt of Francisco Franco overthrew the Loyalist govt
12
Q
How did Hitler openly violate the Treaty of Versailes?
A
occupied Rhineland (1934)
Built up German military
Annexed Austria (1938)
Demands the sudetenland
13
Q
Munich Conference?
A
Leaders agree to hand over the Sudetenland to Germany
Hitler agrees to to not demand anymore land
14
Q
What does the Munich Conference come to symbolize?
A
failed policy of appeasement
15
Q
When did Japan invade China?
A
1937
16
Q
What did Japan invading China threaten?
A
Open Door Policy
17
Q
What ship did Japan sink?
A
US gunboat Panay
Japan quickly apoligized
18
Q
What did Germany and Soviet sign?
A
Non-agression pact on August 23, 1939
19
Q
What did the non agression pact between Soviet and Germany allow?
A
Germany to attack Poland without having to worry about a two front war
Hitler and Stalin secretly agree to divide Poland between them
20
Q
When did Germany invade Poland?
A
Sep 1, 1939
21
Q
What started WWII?
A
Germany invaded Poland
22
Q
By June, 1940, Hitler conquered most of what?
A
Europe
23
Q
What type of policy did US practice until 1941?
A
Neutraliaty but did not want axis to win
24
Q
Faced with the prospect of Hitler taking over all of Europe, what did congress do?
A
Amend hte Neutrality legislaiton
25
Neurtrality Acts (1939)?
Countires could buy weapons as long as they paid for them in cash and carried them in their own ships (cash and carry)
Helped countries who were victims
26
What happened June 1940?
most of france is defeated
27
When was the 1st peace time conscription law adovpted?
Sept 1940
28
What happened Aug 1940?
Germany began to bomb Britain (Battle of Britain)
29
What did the Committee to Defend America advocate?
helping England and allies
30
What did America First Committee advocate?
Opposed US involvement
31
Destroyers for Bases?
Sept 1940
| The US would give England US destroyers in exchange for military cbases in western hemisphere
32
What was interesting about the Election of 1940?
FDR breaks 2 term tradition of Washington and wins an unprecedented 3rd term
33
What made FDR create the Lend Lease Bill?
Threat of Axis power victory
34
What is the Lend Lease Bill?
March 1941
Eliminated the cash carry requirements
Us would send supplies to counties that were victims of agression
By being the "the great arsenal of democracy" the US would avoid having to fight
35
How was the US not truely neutral?
Economic declaration of war
| US factories shift to all out war production (bye GD)
36
What was operation Barbarossa?
June 22 1941
| Hitler invades Soviet
37
Allied Convoy system?
US begins escorting lend leasse suplies across the atlantic ocean
38
Atlantic Conference?
FDR and Churchill secretly met off the coast of Newfoundland
| Atlantic Charter outlined postwar goals
39
What were the Atlantic Charter postwar goals?
Self determination
Free trade
No territorail gains
New collectie security organization
40
Did US enter WWII from events in Europe?
No
41
Whata did US do alone?
Trying to check Japanese expansion in Asia
42
Who does FDR order embargos against?
Japan (Steel, iron, etc)
43
Who does Japan occupy in July 1941?
French Indochina
44
What does FDR order against Japan?
all Japanese assets frozzen and a ban on oil sales
| Negotiations occurs between US and Japan
45
When did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
Dec 7, 1941
46
Coup?
Sudden seize of govt
47
Mein Kampf?
My Struggles
| Hitlers blueprint of conquering Europe and outlined how to erraticate jews
48
Reish Stag?
Representatives in govt like Senete
49
Arschlass?
Annex Austria to Germany
50
Lebenaraum?
Additional territory considered by the country
51
What are the 8 traits of Fascism?
```
Govt control of media - cencorship
Extreme nationalism
A command economy
Govt control economy
Strict discipline
Rule by a dictator
Blind loyalty to the leader
Use of violence and terror for obedience
Strong military
```
52
Wht were the common characteristics for militarism and fascism?
intense nationalism and wanting to expand
53
What effectively ended the isoltionist movment by the US?
Attack on Pearl Harbor
54
How was AMerica already mobilized for war before Pearl Harbor?
Selective Service Act
| Factories were producing lend lease supplies for allies
55
WHo were the allied powers?
```
UK
Soviet
US
France
China
```
56
Did the federal govt expand or shink compared to WWI and ND?
expand
57
What did WWII bring to the homefront?
huge mobilization
58
What did WWII end?
Great Depression
59
War Producitons Board?
allocated resources for hte war effort
60
Office of Price Admin?
froze prices, wages, and rationed goods such as meat, gas, sugar
61
Americans industrial output was a huge factor in what?
eventually an allied victory
62
Office of Research and Development?
contracted scientist and univerities to help in tech department
Made sonar, radar, rockets
63
Manhattan Project (1952)?
top secret program headed by Oppenhelmer
Secret program with UK and US and kept Soviet out
Fist atomic bomb tested July 1945
64
2nd Great Migration?
over a million blacks left the south in search of jobs in war industries
65
Where was discrimination common?
in defense work
66
In 1943, waht broke out in cities such as Detroit and NY?
Race Riots
67
Who threatened to march Washington if discrimination in defense work was not adressed?
A Philip Randolph
68
What did FDR do to appease A Philip Randolph?
Executive order 8802
69
Where did blacks serve?
In segregated military units
70
Double Victory Campain?
victory against fascism abroad and against racism at home
71
Memberhsip in which organizaiotn increased?
NAACP
72
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE):
formed in 1942 and fought against discrimination
73
Demand for workers in the defense industry provided oppurtunities for thousands of what kind of americans?
Mexican
74
Bracero Programs (1942)?
alowed mexicans farmworkers to work in the US without formal immigration proceedings
75
Racial tensions between white soldiers and Mexican residence in _ led to _ _ in 1943
Los Angles
| Zoot Suit Riots
76
What minority group also received opportunities in defense work and in the military?
Native Americans
77
Who used their native languege to communicate in the Pacific theater of the war?
Navajo code talkers
78
ABout how many Indians did not return to reservaaation life after WWII?
1/2
79
WHere could women serve in the military and how many women served?
Noncombat roles
| over 200,000
80
As the demand for industrial and defense jobs increased, what happened in regard to women?
nearly 5 mill women entered the workforce
81
Who was the symbol of women in the workforce?
Rosie the Riveter
82
What was the relation between men and women wages?
Women were expected to get paid less
83
Could women stay in the workforce after WWII?
No, they were expected to leave
84
Where did people move to for defense work?
Midwest and West
85
Where did people migrate to post war?
Sunbelt
86
Executive Order 9006?
Required that all people of Japnese descent on the West Coast be relocated to internment camps
87
Nisei?
2nd generation Japanese Americans
88
How many Japanese Americans were relocated to how many interment camps?
100,000
| 1 out of 10 camps
89
Where was the Japanese population not evacuated?
Hawaii
90
Koresmatsu v. US (1944)?
The Supreme Court upheld the relocation as necessary for national security
91
Who did thousands of Japanese Americans fought for?
US
92
Where did the Alied focus first?
European theater of war
93
Where did the Soviets stop German advancements?
Stalingrad
94
Wherer did allies focus first?
North Africa into Italy
95
D-Day?
6/6/44
| Masive second front opened
96
What didd the Big 3 discuss?
military
strategy
plan for post war world
97
Casablanca Conference?
FDR and Churchill met
| They wanted unconditional surrender and invade Sicily/Italy first
98
Tehran Conference?
Big 3 met for the first time
| They discussed opening of 2nd front planned, fate of eastern europe
99
Yalta Conference?
They wanted Germany to be divided, Free elections in Eastern Europe, Soviets will help against Japan, Create UN
100
What was the US military largely responsible for?
The fight against Japan
101
Following Pearl Harbor, where did Japan occupy a lot of territory?
A lot of China and Asia
102
What type of strategy did US pursue?
Island Hoping Stratgy
| Win control over territory to get closer to mainland Japan
103
Potsdam Conference?
Japna warned to surrender unconditionally or be destroyed
104
When and where was the first atomic bomb dropped?
8/6/45
| Hiroshima
105
When did Soviets enter war against Japan?
8/8/45
106
when and where was the second atomic bomb dropped?
8/9/45
| Nagasaki
107
Following WWII, the US will be the dominate country in waht?
politics and military
108
Who created totalitarianism?
Mussolini
109
Resons for rise of fascism?
```
Italy was ruled by Mussolini
Economic Distress
Fear of Communism
ppealed to nationalism
Mussolini's leadership
```
110
Who was Italy led by from 1922-43?
Il Duce
111
When was Mussolini's March on Rome?
Oct 1922
112
What was Italy like under Fascism?
```
Controlled labor and industry
Greated pubic works
Controlled religion
Required miitary service
Built Alliances
```
113
What is the Weimar Republic?
1919-33
Hitler formed the Naitonal Socialist Party (advoated naitonalism and militarism)
Replced imperial rule
114
What was German inflation like?
1923
| One dollar woth 100,000 marks
115
What was teh weakness to the Weimar Republic?
Hitler's charism and leadership
116
What were the factors in nazi rise?
```
economic distress
naitonalism
fear of communism
anti-semitism
hitler's charisma and leadhership
```
117
When did Nazis seize power?
1933
118
What were the German elections like during GD?
Nazis narrowly won
Ended Weimar Republic
Hitler became dictator
119
When was te policy of requiring jews to wear starts extend to occupied areas including Jewsish ghettos?
Sep 1, 41
120
What was the third reich?
Nationalist propaganda was major
persecutin of jews
military built up
territorial expansion
121
When was the Rome Berlin Axis?
1936
122
Kellogg Briand Pact (1928)?
Propsed by Kellogg (US) and Briand (France)
Outlawed war
Germany, Italy, and Japan violated these pacts
123
When was Fascist agression?
1931-1939
124
Who took over Manchuria?
Japan
125
Who took over Ethiopia?
Italy
126
Who took over Spain?
Franco (Fascist)
| Aided by Germany and Italy who actually fought in the war
127
Who took over China?
Japan
128
Who took over Autria?
Germany
129
Who took over Czechoslovokia?
Germany
130
Who took over Albania?
Italy
131
Who took over Poland?
Germany
132
When was German remilitarizaiation?
1935-36
133
What were the basic causes of WWII?
Militarism
Imperialism
Nationalism
Totalitarianism
134
What were the subsidiary causes of WWII?
Failure of appeasement and collective security
| US neutrality legislation
135
Lebensraum?
living space
| Needed more pure Germans so he conquered more lands
136
Munich Agreement?
between Chamberlain and Hitler that Germany would not conquer any more land, and if did, would declare war
Peace of our time
137
Nevel Chamberland?
Prime Minister of UK who believed that appeasement toward Germany would result in lasting peace
138
What did Lendburg want the US to do?
stay neutral
139
Stimson Doctrine?
the policy declared in a note to Japan and China that the US would not recognize any international territorial changes brought about by force. It was enacted after Japan's military seizure of Manchuria in 1931.
140
Blitzrieg?
A form of warfare used by German forces in World War II. In a blitzkrieg, troops in vehicles, such as tanks, made quick surprise strikes with support from airplanes.
