World War II Flashcards
Why did US open up a formal recognition of hte Soviet?
Worried about growin power of Germany
Possible trade with Soviet
How did FDR attempt to improve relations with Latin Amecia?
Good Neibor Policy
US denounces rmed intervention
Reciprocal Trade Agreement?
1934
Reduciton of US tariffs if other countries do the same
During 1930s, what totalitarian regimes emerged?
Italy: Mussolini Fascits party comes to power in 1922
Soviet: Stalin
Germany: Hitler and Nazi party come to power in 1933
Japan: Milaristic govt comes to power under Tojo in 1941
What did totalitarian countries begin to do?
militarize and expand its borders
How did Japan expand?
1931 Conquered Manchuria (threatened open door policy)
What did Japan do with the LON?
withdrew and built up their navy
What did Italy do with expansion?
Attacked Ethiopia in 1935
What was the Nye Commission?
1934
Americans were disillustioned with their participation in WWI
Ideology that American bankers and arms manufactorers caused US entry into WWI
Why did Congress pass a series of Neutrality Acts?
1935-37
keep the US neutral in the event of conflict
Outlaw arms sales
No loans to nations at war
US could not help out even if a country was the innocent victim of agression
Spanish Civil War?
Fascist govt of Francisco Franco overthrew the Loyalist govt
How did Hitler openly violate the Treaty of Versailes?
occupied Rhineland (1934)
Built up German military
Annexed Austria (1938)
Demands the sudetenland
Munich Conference?
Leaders agree to hand over the Sudetenland to Germany
Hitler agrees to to not demand anymore land
What does the Munich Conference come to symbolize?
failed policy of appeasement
When did Japan invade China?
1937
What did Japan invading China threaten?
Open Door Policy
What ship did Japan sink?
US gunboat Panay
Japan quickly apoligized
What did Germany and Soviet sign?
Non-agression pact on August 23, 1939
What did the non agression pact between Soviet and Germany allow?
Germany to attack Poland without having to worry about a two front war
Hitler and Stalin secretly agree to divide Poland between them
When did Germany invade Poland?
Sep 1, 1939
What started WWII?
Germany invaded Poland
By June, 1940, Hitler conquered most of what?
Europe
What type of policy did US practice until 1941?
Neutraliaty but did not want axis to win
Faced with the prospect of Hitler taking over all of Europe, what did congress do?
Amend hte Neutrality legislaiton
Neurtrality Acts (1939)?
Countires could buy weapons as long as they paid for them in cash and carried them in their own ships (cash and carry)
Helped countries who were victims
What happened June 1940?
most of france is defeated
When was the 1st peace time conscription law adovpted?
Sept 1940
What happened Aug 1940?
Germany began to bomb Britain (Battle of Britain)
What did the Committee to Defend America advocate?
helping England and allies
What did America First Committee advocate?
Opposed US involvement
Destroyers for Bases?
Sept 1940
The US would give England US destroyers in exchange for military cbases in western hemisphere
What was interesting about the Election of 1940?
FDR breaks 2 term tradition of Washington and wins an unprecedented 3rd term
What made FDR create the Lend Lease Bill?
Threat of Axis power victory
What is the Lend Lease Bill?
March 1941
Eliminated the cash carry requirements
Us would send supplies to counties that were victims of agression
By being the “the great arsenal of democracy” the US would avoid having to fight
How was the US not truely neutral?
Economic declaration of war
US factories shift to all out war production (bye GD)
What was operation Barbarossa?
June 22 1941
Hitler invades Soviet
Allied Convoy system?
US begins escorting lend leasse suplies across the atlantic ocean
Atlantic Conference?
FDR and Churchill secretly met off the coast of Newfoundland
Atlantic Charter outlined postwar goals
What were the Atlantic Charter postwar goals?
Self determination
Free trade
No territorail gains
New collectie security organization
Did US enter WWII from events in Europe?
No
Whata did US do alone?
Trying to check Japanese expansion in Asia
Who does FDR order embargos against?
Japan (Steel, iron, etc)
Who does Japan occupy in July 1941?
French Indochina
What does FDR order against Japan?
all Japanese assets frozzen and a ban on oil sales
Negotiations occurs between US and Japan
When did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
Dec 7, 1941
Coup?
Sudden seize of govt
Mein Kampf?
My Struggles
Hitlers blueprint of conquering Europe and outlined how to erraticate jews
Reish Stag?
Representatives in govt like Senete
Arschlass?
Annex Austria to Germany
Lebenaraum?
Additional territory considered by the country
What are the 8 traits of Fascism?
Govt control of media - cencorship Extreme nationalism A command economy Govt control economy Strict discipline Rule by a dictator Blind loyalty to the leader Use of violence and terror for obedience Strong military
Wht were the common characteristics for militarism and fascism?
intense nationalism and wanting to expand
What effectively ended the isoltionist movment by the US?
Attack on Pearl Harbor
How was AMerica already mobilized for war before Pearl Harbor?
Selective Service Act
Factories were producing lend lease supplies for allies
WHo were the allied powers?
UK Soviet US France China
Did the federal govt expand or shink compared to WWI and ND?
expand
What did WWII bring to the homefront?
huge mobilization
What did WWII end?
Great Depression
War Producitons Board?
allocated resources for hte war effort
Office of Price Admin?
froze prices, wages, and rationed goods such as meat, gas, sugar
Americans industrial output was a huge factor in what?
eventually an allied victory
Office of Research and Development?
contracted scientist and univerities to help in tech department
Made sonar, radar, rockets
Manhattan Project (1952)?
top secret program headed by Oppenhelmer
Secret program with UK and US and kept Soviet out
Fist atomic bomb tested July 1945
2nd Great Migration?
over a million blacks left the south in search of jobs in war industries
Where was discrimination common?
in defense work
In 1943, waht broke out in cities such as Detroit and NY?
Race Riots
Who threatened to march Washington if discrimination in defense work was not adressed?
A Philip Randolph
What did FDR do to appease A Philip Randolph?
Executive order 8802
Where did blacks serve?
In segregated military units
Double Victory Campain?
victory against fascism abroad and against racism at home
Memberhsip in which organizaiotn increased?
NAACP
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE):
formed in 1942 and fought against discrimination
Demand for workers in the defense industry provided oppurtunities for thousands of what kind of americans?
Mexican
Bracero Programs (1942)?
alowed mexicans farmworkers to work in the US without formal immigration proceedings
Racial tensions between white soldiers and Mexican residence in _ led to _ _ in 1943
Los Angles
Zoot Suit Riots
What minority group also received opportunities in defense work and in the military?
Native Americans
Who used their native languege to communicate in the Pacific theater of the war?
Navajo code talkers
ABout how many Indians did not return to reservaaation life after WWII?
1/2
WHere could women serve in the military and how many women served?
Noncombat roles
over 200,000
As the demand for industrial and defense jobs increased, what happened in regard to women?
nearly 5 mill women entered the workforce
Who was the symbol of women in the workforce?
Rosie the Riveter
What was the relation between men and women wages?
Women were expected to get paid less
Could women stay in the workforce after WWII?
No, they were expected to leave
Where did people move to for defense work?
Midwest and West
Where did people migrate to post war?
Sunbelt
Executive Order 9006?
Required that all people of Japnese descent on the West Coast be relocated to internment camps
Nisei?
2nd generation Japanese Americans
How many Japanese Americans were relocated to how many interment camps?
100,000
1 out of 10 camps
Where was the Japanese population not evacuated?
Hawaii
Koresmatsu v. US (1944)?
The Supreme Court upheld the relocation as necessary for national security
Who did thousands of Japanese Americans fought for?
US
Where did the Alied focus first?
European theater of war
Where did the Soviets stop German advancements?
Stalingrad
Wherer did allies focus first?
North Africa into Italy
D-Day?
6/6/44
Masive second front opened
What didd the Big 3 discuss?
military
strategy
plan for post war world
Casablanca Conference?
FDR and Churchill met
They wanted unconditional surrender and invade Sicily/Italy first
Tehran Conference?
Big 3 met for the first time
They discussed opening of 2nd front planned, fate of eastern europe
Yalta Conference?
They wanted Germany to be divided, Free elections in Eastern Europe, Soviets will help against Japan, Create UN
What was the US military largely responsible for?
The fight against Japan
Following Pearl Harbor, where did Japan occupy a lot of territory?
A lot of China and Asia
What type of strategy did US pursue?
Island Hoping Stratgy
Win control over territory to get closer to mainland Japan
Potsdam Conference?
Japna warned to surrender unconditionally or be destroyed
When and where was the first atomic bomb dropped?
8/6/45
Hiroshima
When did Soviets enter war against Japan?
8/8/45
when and where was the second atomic bomb dropped?
8/9/45
Nagasaki
Following WWII, the US will be the dominate country in waht?
politics and military
Who created totalitarianism?
Mussolini
Resons for rise of fascism?
Italy was ruled by Mussolini Economic Distress Fear of Communism ppealed to nationalism Mussolini's leadership
Who was Italy led by from 1922-43?
Il Duce
When was Mussolini’s March on Rome?
Oct 1922
What was Italy like under Fascism?
Controlled labor and industry Greated pubic works Controlled religion Required miitary service Built Alliances
What is the Weimar Republic?
1919-33
Hitler formed the Naitonal Socialist Party (advoated naitonalism and militarism)
Replced imperial rule
What was German inflation like?
1923
One dollar woth 100,000 marks
What was teh weakness to the Weimar Republic?
Hitler’s charism and leadership
What were the factors in nazi rise?
economic distress naitonalism fear of communism anti-semitism hitler's charisma and leadhership
When did Nazis seize power?
1933
What were the German elections like during GD?
Nazis narrowly won
Ended Weimar Republic
Hitler became dictator
When was te policy of requiring jews to wear starts extend to occupied areas including Jewsish ghettos?
Sep 1, 41
What was the third reich?
Nationalist propaganda was major
persecutin of jews
military built up
territorial expansion
When was the Rome Berlin Axis?
1936
Kellogg Briand Pact (1928)?
Propsed by Kellogg (US) and Briand (France)
Outlawed war
Germany, Italy, and Japan violated these pacts
When was Fascist agression?
1931-1939
Who took over Manchuria?
Japan
Who took over Ethiopia?
Italy
Who took over Spain?
Franco (Fascist)
Aided by Germany and Italy who actually fought in the war
Who took over China?
Japan
Who took over Autria?
Germany
Who took over Czechoslovokia?
Germany
Who took over Albania?
Italy
Who took over Poland?
Germany
When was German remilitarizaiation?
1935-36
What were the basic causes of WWII?
Militarism
Imperialism
Nationalism
Totalitarianism
What were the subsidiary causes of WWII?
Failure of appeasement and collective security
US neutrality legislation
Lebensraum?
living space
Needed more pure Germans so he conquered more lands
Munich Agreement?
between Chamberlain and Hitler that Germany would not conquer any more land, and if did, would declare war
Peace of our time
Nevel Chamberland?
Prime Minister of UK who believed that appeasement toward Germany would result in lasting peace
What did Lendburg want the US to do?
stay neutral
Stimson Doctrine?
the policy declared in a note to Japan and China that the US would not recognize any international territorial changes brought about by force. It was enacted after Japan’s military seizure of Manchuria in 1931.
Blitzrieg?
A form of warfare used by German forces in World War II. In a blitzkrieg, troops in vehicles, such as tanks, made quick surprise strikes with support from airplanes.
