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Industrial Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the iron horse?

A

Railroad

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2
Q

Where did Andrew Carneige start his life?

A

Ireland but moved to USA

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3
Q

How did Andrew Carneige get out from being poor?

A

He grew up in Pittsburg

He worked in the steel indutry and eventually produced 1/4 of the nations Bessemer steel and earned $25 million

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4
Q

What is vertical integration?

A

someone bought out and controlled all aspects of industry

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5
Q

What is horizontal integration?

A

someone allied with or bought out compeitors to monopolize a given market

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6
Q

How did the private RR companies, that were building the transcontiental, raise their money?

A

By raising their own capital funds with the assisstance of the federal government

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7
Q

What was often occumpanied by the rapid expansion of the RR system?

A

rapid mergers
bankruptcies a
reorganization

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8
Q

What did rr help?

A

created an integreated national market
stimulated growth in cities
encouraged european immigration

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9
Q

How did rr owners generally act when dealing with shippers, government, and the public?

A

not fair a

not honest

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10
Q

What did early, weak federal efforts at railroad regulation bring order and stability to?

A

industrial competition

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11
Q

What was Rockefeller oil companies techniqued that involved combining into one organizatin all the phases of manufacturing from raw material to the customer?

A

vertical integration

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12
Q

Rockefeller, Morgan, and others orgnized what in order to consolidate business and eliminate cutthroat competition?

A

interlcking directorates

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13
Q

Corporations effectively used what to prevent much effective government reguations of their activities?

A

14 admendment

sympathetic court rulings

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14
Q

What did the north think of the pro industry ideology of the New South?

A

South was hurt by the discrimination from the north in 1900

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15
Q

What two new inventions brought large numbers of women into the workplace?

A

typewriter and telephone

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16
Q

Did industrialization generally give the industrial wage erner greater or less status and control over his or her own life?

A

less

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17
Q

The impact of new machines and mass immigration did what?

A

held down wages

gave employers advantags in their dealings with labor

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18
Q

Who did the Knights of Labor organize?

A

skilled/unskilled
blacks/whites
women/men

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19
Q

What event severely hurt the Knights of Labor?

A

Haymarket Square

even though they had no connection with the bombing

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20
Q

What did the American Federation of Labor try to do?

A

organize unskilled workers, women, blacks

they succeeded

21
Q

The federal government contributed to the building of hte national rail network by doing what?

A

providing free grants of federal land to the railroad companies

22
Q

Who was the most effiennt and public minded of the early railroad building industrialists?

A

James J Hill

23
Q

The RR most significantly stimulated American industrialization by what?

A

creating a single naitonal market for raw materials and consumer goods

24
Q

The rr barons aroused considerable public opposiiton by practices such as what?

A

stock watering and bribery of public officials

25
Q

The rr affected even the organiztion of time in the US by what?

A

introducing four standard time zones across the country

26
Q

The first important federal law aimed at reguating american industry was what?

A

interstate commerce act

27
Q

Financier J P Morgan exercsed his economic power most effectively by what?

A

consolidating rival industies through interlocking directorates

28
Q

Andrew Carnegie industrial system of vertical integration involved what?

A

the combination of all phases of the steel industry from mining to manufacturing into a single organizaiton

29
Q

THe large trusts like Standard Oil and Swift and Armour justified their economic dominantion of their industries by claiming what?

A

only large scale methods of production and distribution could provide superior products at low prices

30
Q

The oil industry first thrived in the late 1880s by producing what?

A

Kerosene for oil lamps

31
Q

Andrew Carnegies Gospel of Wealth proclaimed his belief of what?

A

Those who accired great wealth were morally resopnisble to use it for the public good

32
Q

The attmept to create an industraliazed New South in the late 19 century generally failed because of what?

A

the south was discriminated against and held down as a supplier of raw materials to northern industry

33
Q

For American workers, industrializaton generally meas what?

A

a long term rise of standard living but a loss of independence and control of work

34
Q

In contrast to the Knight of Labor, the American Federation of Labor advocated what?

A

concentrating on improving waged and hours and avoiding general social reform

35
Q

What are land grants?

A

federally owned acrege granted to the rr companies in order to encourage the building of rail lines

36
Q

What is the union pacific RR?

A

the original transcontiental rr, commissioned by congress which built its line west from Omaha

37
Q

What is the Central Pacific RR?

A

the california based rr company
headed by Leland Stanford
employed Chinese laboreres in building lines across the mountains

38
Q

What was the Great Northern RR?

A

the northernmost ofthe transcontiental rr lines

organized by economically wise and public spiritied industrialist James Hill

39
Q

What was stock watering?

A

Dishonest device by which rr promoters artificially inflated the prices of their stocks and bonds

40
Q

What was hte Wabash Case?

A

Supreme court case of 1886 that prevented states from regulating rr or other forms of interstate commerce

41
Q

What is the intersate commerce commission?

A

Federal regulatory agency often used by rail companies to stabilize the industry and prevent ruinous competiton

42
Q

What is the telephone?

A

Late 19 century invention that revolutionized communicatin and created a large new industry that relied heavily on female workers

43
Q

What was Standard Oil Company?

A

First of the great industrial trusts, organized through a principle of horizontal intergreation that ruthlessly incorportated or destroyed competitiors

44
Q

What was US Steel?

A

First billion dollar American coperation

organized when J P MOrgan bouth out Carnegie

45
Q

What is New South?

A

Term that identified southern promoters belief in a technologically advanced induastrail south

46
Q

What was the colored national labor unions?

A

black labor organizatons that briefly flourished in the late 1860s

47
Q

What was the Knights of Labor?

A

Secret, ritualistic labor organiztions thatenrolled many skilled and unskilled workers but collapsed after Haymarket Sqare Boming

48
Q

What is Craft Union?

A

Skilled labor organizations such as those of carpenters an printers that were most successful in conducucting strikes and raising wages

49
Q

What is American Federation of Labor?

A

The conservative labor group that successfully organzied a minority of AMerican workers but left others out

► US History (46 decks)

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