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American History Ap > World War 1 > Flashcards

World War 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

“The war to end all wars” 32 nations

The Great War

A

World War One

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2
Q

How many nations were in the world war?

A

32

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3
Q

What were the four major causes of World War One

A
  1. ) rise of nationalism: deep devotion to ones country that creates a desire for self rule.
  2. )imperialism: (colonial conquest) created rivalries between nations of power.
  3. ) militarism: (glorification of war) created an arms race or a military build up of forces and weapons.
  4. ) alliance system: (military allies) created a world conflict out of a minor incident
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4
Q

What was the purpose of the alliance system.

A

The purpose of the alliance system had been to create a balance of power* throughout Europe - they believed this would help to prevent war! - FAILED

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5
Q

Who came up with the alliance system?

A

Otto von Bismarck (was in Germany) created the alliance system

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6
Q

Name the major alliances

A

Triple alliance: empire of Germany, empire of Austria-Hungary , country of Italy

Triple entente: made up of Great Britain, France, and Russia

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7
Q

Most of the countries were ruled by _____ who were __________

A

Kings, related

Ww1 was a bug family feud.

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8
Q

What was the powder keg of Europe

A

Ready to explode, was the Balkan Peninsula

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9
Q

Who lived in the balkans?

A

Were made up of mostly Slavic peoples who wanted their independence. They were controlled for centuries by the ottoman Turks.

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10
Q

What happened to the Turks in 1900

A

Eventually the Turks were driven out by the Austria-Hungarian empire. Promoted freedom, but did not deliver.

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11
Q

What was the nationalist movement

A

Was created to bring independence to the region, - the movement was called pan-slavism- goal was to create a large Slavic state (country) called Yugoslavia.

The tiny independent country of Serbia led out in this movement.

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12
Q

What is the incident that sparked the war?

A

The archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand, and his wife, Sophie, * visit Sarajevo for a “goodwill tour” to open a new hospital.

Sent by his uncle - franz Joseph (king of Austria-Hungary)

Birth the archduke and his wife are assasinated by a Serbian terrorist group known as the black hand.

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13
Q

Who was gavrilo princep

A

The Assassin who killed Franz and Sophie

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14
Q

What does Austria Hungary give Serbia?

A

Gives them an ultimatum! Does this or else war

Serbia has a powerful ally - Russia

They refuse ultimatum

The alliance system kicks in and a minor incident becomes the Great War

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15
Q

What is mobilization

A

Countries begin preparing for the war

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16
Q

What is propaganda.

How was it used (3 things)

A

Propaganda is information used to influence public opinion

Used:

  1. )recruitment of men
  2. )promote patriotism at home
  3. ) make enemy look evil
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17
Q

What does balligerants mean?

What were they?

A

The warring sides.

Allied forces,

Central powers

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18
Q

Name the allied forces

A

Great Britain
Russia
France
Later the USA

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19
Q

Name the central powers

A

Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman tusks

Major players.

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20
Q

What was the schlieffen plan

A

Alfred von schlieffen

German plan of attack was to attack France through neutral Belgium

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21
Q

What was the first battle of the war?

A

Was the battle of the Marne - German tempt to capture Paris! - it failed

22
Q

The war was fought on two major fronts. What were they and describe them

A

1.) western front
Extended from the North Sea to Switzerland (500 miles) - between the borders of France and Germany.

2.) eastern front - extended from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea, (1000) miles - between the borders of Russia and Germany/Austria-Hungary

23
Q

Trench warfare

A

Yep

24
Q

What was the area between the trenches.

Two ways that it was called

A

No mans land

Terrain of death.

25
Q

After the first year of the war the war turned into a:

A

The war turned in to a bloody stalemate. Neither side could win!

26
Q

Examples of the symbolized the heroes of trench warfare

Describe the battle of the Somme

Describe the battle of verdin

A

Over 1.2 million casualties and gained about 7 miles of turf!

Verdin:
Largest and longest battle of ww1 - over 1.25 million casualties.

27
Q

What caused the slaughter of World War One

A
  1. ) outdated tactics

2. ) new modern weapons.

28
Q

World War One turns into a war of ——-

What does that mean?

A

War of attrition

Goal was to wear the other side out.

29
Q

Why so many,casualties?

A

The industrial revolution had created new modern deadly weapons!

  1. ) machine gun - most deadly
  2. ) artillery — launch exploding shells over 10 miles
  3. ) poison gas - “mustard gas”
  4. ) tanks
  5. ) flame throwers
  6. ) zeppelins - “blimps”
  7. ) airplanes
    - knights of the sky, housing in the sky! “Dogfights” aerial combat
    - manfred. Von Richthofen - “Red Baron” had eighty confirmed kills.
  • eddie rickenbacker - top American ace from Columbus Ohio - 26 kills.
  • flying was so dangerous. Called themselves the “suicide club”
    Life expectancy was 14 days. 75% death rate.
    15 out of the top 20 aces in World War One died in combat.
    8.) submarines (u boats) - “unterwasser boot”
    -mainly used by the Germans
  • used to sink supply ships.
30
Q

Nicknames for all of the soldiers

A 
Germans = Huns
British = tommy
French = frogs
Americans = doughboys
31
Q

By the end of 1916, the Russian army was on the verge of what
Why?
Casualty rate

A

Collapse.
Because of the lack of supplies, was a major problem!

76% casualty rate

32
Q

Who was the Russian czar? What did he ask for?

A

Nicolas II
He asked the allies for help.(British)
This opened the Gallipoli campaign

33
Q

Describe the Gallipoli campaign
Why did the British decide to help Russia?
What was the result?

A
  • british attempt to rescue Russia.
  • a Two front war kept the German army split over two years

It failed miserably

34
Q

Who do the Bolsheviks get to support them in Russia?

A

The common peasants

35
Q

Who were the bolsheviks

A

Small group, promises that will pull out of war and free bread and land.

Russia was near collapse, tired of the war casualties, famine, etc.

Led by Vladimir Lenin - overthrew and kill the czar and his family

The Bolsheviks pull Russia out of the war

36
Q

Why was Russia leaving the war bad for the allies?

What happened to counter balance this?

A

Germany can now concentrate all its forces on the western front
USA joins

37
Q

USA had policy known as isolationism

What it mean?

A

Stay out of European affairs, remain neutral

38
Q

Events that brought the sun in to the war

A
  1. ) sinking of the Lusitania (british luxury liner) 128 Americans dead (sunk by a German u boat)
  2. ) Unrestricted submarine warfare - German u boat sinking every ship in sight.
  3. ) Zimmerman telegram, telegram where Germany promised to help them get their land back from the Americans if they joined them as an ally.
39
Q

What was president ——- ———.’s purpose for the war?

A

Woodrow Wilson’s declarat8on for the purpose of the war was to make it “safe for democracy”

40
Q

What were the American impacts on the war

A
  1. ) counter balance Russia pulling out
  2. ) boosted morale of the allies
  3. ) fresh manpower (fresh troops)
  4. ) supplies and equipment

USA joining is the turning point in the conflict

41
Q

What was the turning point for the allies

A

USA joining

42
Q

Who was in charge of the American expeditionary force (US army)

A

Gen. John Pershing

43
Q

What did the Germans do as a last desperate attempt

Result?

A

A massive offensive “operation Michael”

They hoped to defeat the allied forces before the Americans could make a difference.

It almost works! The Americans pour in to Europe in the summer of 1918 and the tide of the war turns!

44
Q

In the fall of 1918 what does the king of Germany do?

What does this signal?

A

the king of Germany Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates the throne (steps down)
This signals that they are ready to surrender

45
Q

November 11, at 11 am

A

the armistice (agreement to stop fighting) is signed - signed veterans day

46
Q

Who accepts the surrender?

A

King George V, (England) accepts surrender! The Great War is over!

47
Q

What happened RIGHT after the war

A

Spanish influenza/flu outbreak

Greatest medical holocaust in history

50 to 100 Millin died!

48
Q

What happened in Paris?
Who were not invited
Who were

A

Peace talks. (Peace treaty)
Losers are not invited to the peace talks!

The winners (BIG FOUR) were
Great Britain - David Lloyd George
France - George’s Clemenceau
USA - Woodrow Wilson
Italy - vittorio Orlando
49
Q

Describe Wilson’s fourteen points

A

(Peace plan to address the causes of the war and solution for world peace)

First five points dead with ways to prevent future wars

Points 6 - 13 deal with self-determination - Nations should have the right to govern themselves

Point 14 - establishes the League of Nations (peace keeping organizations) the goal of the organization was to prevent future war,

50
Q

What did Wilson want?

What does it mean?

A

A “peace without victory”

*no winner or looser WHY? it heals the wounds faster

51
Q

Describe the Versailles Treaty (Germany was forced to sign)

A
  1. ) Germany had to accept all blame for the war
  2. ) Germany had to pay for the war reparations (*damages) $33 billion dollars
  3. ) Germany lost all of its colonies and some German territories
  4. ) forced to greatly reduce the size of its military
52
Q

Results of ww1

A
  1. ) death toll. 20 Millin died “lost generation”
  2. ) Bolshevik/communist revolution - Russia becomes communist
  3. ) map of Europe changed: 9 new countries added.
  4. ) United States becomes a world power.
  5. ) Ww2 - caused by bitterness of the Germans! - revenge for the Versailles treaty.

American History Ap (10 decks)

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