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American History Ap > Gilded Age > Flashcards

Gilded Age Flashcards

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1
Q

How could the gilded age be best described? Mark Twain’s coined term works best.

A

“Glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath”

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2
Q

The gilded age was a period of 7 things. What were they?

A
  1. ) greed, scandal and corruption in (government/industry)
  2. ) unprecedented economic growth/exploded
  3. ) modern industrial economy
  4. ) moved from an agrarian (rural) society
  5. ) USA becomes an emerging world power,
  6. ) mass immigration
  7. ) unequal distribution of wealth
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3
Q

This was the closest the USA has ever been to a _______

A

Aristocracy of the elite

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4
Q

Less than one percent of the population (_____ families) owned how much of the wealth?

A

4000 families owned 50% of the wealth.

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5
Q

Immigrants. Why did they come?

A
  1. ) escape religious persecution

2. ) escape poverty

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6
Q

America was the land of ____________.

Was considered to be the _______ door.

A

Opportunity
Golden
(Rags to riches)

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7
Q

Describe the journey to America

A

*steamboats
2 weeks from Europe
2 months from Asia

The steerage class (3rd) - lowest decks cost $30.

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8
Q

What does the Statue of Liberty represent?

A

Opportunity and freedom?

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9
Q

Ellis Island
Angel island

Locations?

Describe the immigration centers

A 
NYC
Angle island (San fransisco) for the Asians

Immigration centers the people had to pass through

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10
Q

Describe the procession for Ellis island

.

A
  1. ) physical examination
  2. ) record names/questioning
  3. ) documents checked (passports, etc. ) and legal requirements checked
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11
Q

Where to live and find a job after immigrating?

A

Most settled I;the cities, why? Jobs
Communities known as “ethnic islands” (same ethnic group) why?

Most were unskilled and common laborers who worked in the factories

Sweatshops (dark, crowded, and unsafe factories in the clothing industry)

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12
Q

What is the melting pot theory?

A

To give up culture and Blend in. The people were expected to do this.

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13
Q

Describe the old immigrants

A

Came from Great Britain and Northern Europe - Protestant.

WASPS. White Anglo saxons Protestants

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14
Q

Describe the new immigrants.

Why were they not welcomed at first?

A

Southern Europe / Asia

Were not welcomed at first 
, why? 
1.) they didn’t fit in (look, dress or speak the same)
2.)job competition
3.) religious differences
4.) ethic differences
5.) racial differences.
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15
Q

What happened as a result of the anti immigrant backlash

A

Immigration restriction league began and their number one goal was to limit, restrict, and stop immigration.

This turned in to a movement called nativism. This was an anti immigrant movement that swept through America.

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16
Q

Describe nativism

A

Anti immigrant movement that swept through America

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17
Q

Nativism became so popular what happened?

A

The American party (dubbed know nothings) political parathyroid was formed designed to restrict and stop immigration.

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18
Q

What are the know nothings?

A

The American party

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19
Q

What are NINA signs?

A

No Irish need apply!

Didnt want Irish (Catholics) to apply.

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20
Q

Describe the Chinese exclusion act

A

Stopped Chinese immigration for thirty years!!!!

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21
Q

Describe the gentlemen’s agreement

A

Limited the number of Japanese immigrants to America.

22
Q

What was the immigration act of 1917

A

Required immigrants to be able to read or write before they could enter the country

23
Q

Immigrant contributions:

A
  1. ) provided workers for the industrialization of American
  2. ) enriched America with unique customs, culture, language, and literature.
  3. ) creative entrepreneurial talents (business)
24
Q

Describe the urbanizTion of America

A

Movement of people from the rural country to the urban/city

2/3 of immigrants moves into the cities - WHY? JOBS

25
Q

Urban (city)problems

A
  1. ) housing
    * working class poor “have nots” lived in dumbbell tenements. (Multi family dwellings) - overcrowded and unsanitary
  • middle class - row houses
  • rich - huge home (30+ rooms)
    “Haves” extreme wealth.

2.) transportation

Mass transit (designed to move large groups of people) 
Street cars (horse drawn, cable, electric)
Subways - 1st in Boston

3.) water (drinking)
Rivers, lakes, pipes,
Indoor plumbing was rare!

4.) sanitation
Street sweepers (trash, manure, etc.)
Cholera. Typhoid was very common - in the summers!
1st sewer lines by 1900 and sanitation dept.

5.) crime
Pick pockets and thieves
NYC first police force

6”) fire

Wooden building stacked in top of each other,
Limited water
Candles and kerosine lanterns
FIRE
Cincinnati o.h. Had the first fire dept.

  1. ) factory working conditions
    * twelve hour days with low pay. Dangerous conditions and child labor.
26
Q

Describe the government politics and corruption
Plolitical machine (how it worked)
Graft

Most infamous political machine

A

Political machines were an orginizaed group that controlled the activities of a political party in the city by providing services to people and businesses in exchange for votes

Graft (illegal use of political influence for personal gain - MONEY)

How political machines worked: immigrants stepped off the boat and the machine would get them a job, and a place to stay in exchange for political support.

Most famous political machine was Tammy hall in NYC. Was called the “tweed ring” was run by William tweed and became a very wealthy man. Pretty much ran New York.

27
Q

William tweed

A

Ran the tweed ring. Tammy hall

28
Q

How was the us Congress and the White House?

A

It was mostly corrupt, controlled by big business

29
Q

Name the six presidents during this period

A

Ulysses s. Grant. Rutherford b Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison. Most were corrupt!

30
Q

Who was Thomas Nast

A

He was a journalist. He drew cartoons to expose corruption of the bosses and robber barons.

31
Q

ECONOMIC GROWTH WAS FUELED BY WHAT??

Describe the modern industrial economy (3things)

A

1.) wealth from the war
Modern machines
Unlimited workforce. (Immigrants)

Railroads were the “linchpin” (connected America) made America go!

32
Q

Railroads were the what

A

Linchpin” connected America and made the whole revolution possible. Made America go!

33
Q

Who were the robber barons?

A

Rich businessmen who created industrial “monopolies” (single seller controls all)

34
Q

Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt?

A

Had a monopoly of railroads. He was worth 100 million of today’s money

35
Q

Who was Andrew Carnegie

A

Had a monopoly over steel. Worth 7.5 billion billion in today’s money

36
Q

Who was J.P. Morgan.

A

Monopoly over banking and finance. Worth 41 billion

37
Q

Who was Henry Ford

A

Had a monopoly over the automobile market. Worth 200 billion

38
Q

Who was John D. Rockefeller **

A

Monopoly over oil. He’s worth 340 billion

39
Q

Who is Jeff bezos

A

What about the have nots? Industrial workers, “working class”
Average salary 1.50 per day or 500 per year, today worth 6,000

Robber barons made all the profit.

40
Q

Toward the end of the gilded age was the *progressive era. Was a period of reform.

A

..

41
Q

Who was Jacob riis

A

Men like him. A social reformer journalist and photographer that showed how the other half lived.

42
Q

What were muckrakers

A

They exposed the evils of society.

43
Q

Reforms and change in society in progressive era.

A

1.) helping the poor, “have nots”
2.) improve working conditions
3.) women suffer age (right to vote)
4.) alchohol, reform (forbade the sale and consumption of alcohol)
5.) education reform - Horace Mann
6.) child labor - outlawed
7.) government corruption
8,) ended business monopolies

44
Q

Who formed the social gospel movement and what was it

A

Washington gladden formed it. It preached salvation through service to the poor. (Jesus Christ.)

45
Q

What were settlement houses

A

Community centers that provided services to the poor

Example of them was the ymca

46
Q

What were unions.

A

Organized to protect workers rights, (better wages, hours, safer working conditions, child labor laws. )

Strike - stoppage of work (only weapons) to combat the robber barons.

47
Q

What were suffragettes?

A

Women who fought for the right to vote.

48
Q

Give some examples of suffragettes

A

Susan b. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth ton, Alice Paul

49
Q

When did women get the right to vote?

A

1920

50
Q

Show as Horace Mann

A

He was the father of modern public education

American History Ap (10 decks)

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