War In The West Flashcards
War in the west
Why was it fought
To control the rivers
Who was the union commander who captured fort Henry and fort donelsin.
Ulysses S. Grant
What was the result of the battles of fort Henry and fort donelsom
The north now controlled the upper miss. river
Describe the battle of Shiloh
North: gen. Grant
South: gen, Albert Sidney Johnson
It was a two day battle. Lots of blood was shed and the north wins.
Who captured the port of New Orleans.
By northern admiral David Farragut.
Davis Farragut cut off the mouth of the Mississippi River.
What was the south’s last hold on the miss. River?
Vicksburg
What was the war in the east fought war?
It was fought to capture the capital cities. Only 90 miles apart.
Describe general George McClellan
He was known was the “young Napoleon”
New commander of the union army.
Army of the Potomac
What was the army of the Potomac
Union army, major army of the north.
Describe the peninsula campaign
Was called the “seven days battles”
The goal was the capture Richmond
North: gen, George McClellan
South: Robert e lee
Lee pushed McClellan back off the peninsula, failed the capture Richmond and the south won,
Lee was bold creative and took chances
McClellan was fired.
Why was there gloom in the north?
South’s strategy was working
Who are peace democrats? What did they want?
Peace democrats “copperheads”, opposed the war, they wanted the sue for peace,
Describe the second battle of bull run
Lee whipped the north. South victory, McClellan was reinstated.
What did the south need desperately? What did they hope for
The south needed allies desperately.
They hoped a victory on northern soil would convince Great Britain and France to join the confederacy
Describe the battle of Antietam Other name Leaders Events What was it?
Sharpesburg
The north found Lee’s battle plan.
North: gen, mcClellan
South: gen. Lee
Single bloodiest day in American history
23,000 casualties
North gets the victory
But…
McClellan allowed Lee’s army to escape. (“Held the army in the palm of your hand”)
The war could of ended right there,
It became the political turning point of the war!
Why?
Lincoln decided to emancipate the slaves! This changed the goal of the war.
Sharpesburg
Battle of Antietam
Political turning point of the war
Battle of Antietam
What freed all the slaves in the south
Emancipation proclamation
Why did the emancipation proclamation only free the Slaves in the south?
Feared he would lose the support of the border states.
What caused Lincoln to emancipate the slaves?
- ) Slaves were helping the southern war effort. (Labor force)
- ) it would keep England and France out of the war **
- ) to help justify the growing casualties of the war.
Effects of the proclamation
- ) kept England and France out of the war
- ) encouraged slaves to run away
- )blacks joined up to fight as soldiers
- ) led to the passing of the 13th amendment which eventually abolished slavery
What is the 54th mass. Regiment
1st all blAck regiment - commander Robert Gould Shaw
Who was robert gould Shaw
Commander of 54th mass. Regiment
New weapons -impact on the war
Old muskets (muzzle loader)
Smooth bored barrels
Very inaccurate - 50 yards
New rifled muskets
Grooved barrels
Very accurate - 500 yards
Deadly!
Artillary - now exploding with shrapnel
The result of these new weapon caused horrendous casualty rates during the war!
Describe their hospitals and medicine
It was very pimative and unessasary Infection was rampant - biggest killer Amputations were very Common In anesthesia at first 2 out of 3 soldiers died in hospitals
Worst Prisoner of war camp
Andersonville prison
Georgia
one out of four died
Describe the photography
New invention
Very popular
First war photographed in history
Matthew Brady - main photographer
Who was Matthew Brady
Main photographer
Women’s roles
- ) nurses
- ) factories - sewing
- ) government jobs - copyist
Nurses: medicine
- ) Dorothea dix - 1st nursing corps in the south
- ) Clara Barton - “angel of the battlefield”
- )sally thomkins - started Singtel nursing corps
- ) Elizabeth Blackwell :1st women doctor in USA
Most famous northern spy
Harriet Tubman
Most famous southern spy
Rose o Neil greenhow
Women writers in the north and south
South: Mary chestnut (diary)
North : Juliet ward - wrote the “battle hymn of the republic”
Women solders
Were not allowed and Loretta Velasquez disguised themselves as men.
Why were very few men volunteering by 1863
They tried giving bounties (cash) given to get men to sign up! (Bounty jumpers)
What were bounty jumpers
People who exploited the bounty system
What was the conscription
Became nessessary, was like a draft and it was the first time in history to happen.
Ways to avoid the draft
- ) certain professions were exempt
- ) hire a substitute (pay)
- ) own more than 20 slaves
Describe the battle of Fredericksburg
North was annihilated
“It is well that the war is terrible we should grow to fond of it”
Describe the battle of Chancellorsville
Lee’s forces crushed hookers
Lee’s greatest victory but turns out to be his most costly one.
Why was the battle of Chancellorsville actually hurting the south
Stonewall Jackson (Lee’s commander) was shot by his own men. He dies
Attitude of glor me and,doom in the north they were loosing.
Lee decided to gamble and “risk all” and invade the north once again, why?
- ) he was running it of time (men’ food’ and arms)
2. ) the North was on the verge of giving up and suing for the peace,
Largest battle in the Western Hemisphere.
Battle of Gettysburg.
July 1-3
Describe the battle of ghettysburg
Day one south had won and taken over the city, central.
Day 2: bloody day of hard fighting. Little round top: commander Lawrence chamberlain “Henry of ghettysburg” held the hill and the northern flank.
Day 3: lee gambled - all out attack at the center of the line! - mistake!
Gen. George Pickett (Pickett’s charge) along with 13,000 Virginians attacked! “High tide of the confederacy” lost 7,50”
Union victory from the time on north would win the war.
Turning point of the war
51,000 casualties dead were buried where they were.
Describe the dedication of the Gettysburg nature al cemetery Everett.
Major address was given by Edward Everett (“best speaker”) for two hours
Lincoln gave a 2 minute address! (Summary of the purpose of the war) - to see if a nation ruled by the people could last
How was West Virginia formed?
48 western counties of Virginia secede from the south.
Who was Ulysses s, Grant
Made commander of all the union forces! * goal to take Richmond!
Desicribe the three huge battles in Virginia
Wilderness, cold harbor, and spotsylvania
Union lost 60,000 men
What was grant called in northern newspapers
Butcher
Describe the battle of Petersburg
Turned in to a 9 month siege
Describe the battle of Atlanta
Turned in to a 5 month siege
What happened to the northern public opinion during the stalemate
Against the wars
Describe the presidential election of 1864
Democrats: led by George McClellan
Republicans: Lincoln - said he was going to be badly beaten unless something changes.
SUPER DUPER IMPORTANT ELECTION
Lincoln won the re election
What key northern victories turned the presidential electi9n
- ) Atlanta fell to Sherman
2. ) port of mobile fell (last southern port)
Describe ________’s “March to the sea”
William t Sherman’s
Destroys everything in the path to lower the southern morale.
