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American History Ap > War In The West > Flashcards

War In The West Flashcards

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1
Q

War in the west

Why was it fought

A

To control the rivers

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2
Q

Who was the union commander who captured fort Henry and fort donelsin.

A

Ulysses S. Grant

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3
Q

What was the result of the battles of fort Henry and fort donelsom

A

The north now controlled the upper miss. river

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4
Q

Describe the battle of Shiloh

A

North: gen. Grant
South: gen, Albert Sidney Johnson

It was a two day battle. Lots of blood was shed and the north wins.

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5
Q

Who captured the port of New Orleans.

A

By northern admiral David Farragut.

Davis Farragut cut off the mouth of the Mississippi River.

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6
Q

What was the south’s last hold on the miss. River?

A

Vicksburg

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7
Q

What was the war in the east fought war?

A

It was fought to capture the capital cities. Only 90 miles apart.

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8
Q

Describe general George McClellan

A

He was known was the “young Napoleon”
New commander of the union army.
Army of the Potomac

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9
Q

What was the army of the Potomac

A

Union army, major army of the north.

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10
Q

Describe the peninsula campaign

A

Was called the “seven days battles”

The goal was the capture Richmond
North: gen, George McClellan
South: Robert e lee

Lee pushed McClellan back off the peninsula, failed the capture Richmond and the south won,

Lee was bold creative and took chances
McClellan was fired.

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11
Q

Why was there gloom in the north?

A

South’s strategy was working

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12
Q

Who are peace democrats? What did they want?

A

Peace democrats “copperheads”, opposed the war, they wanted the sue for peace,

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13
Q

Describe the second battle of bull run

A

Lee whipped the north. South victory, McClellan was reinstated.

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14
Q

What did the south need desperately? What did they hope for

A

The south needed allies desperately.

They hoped a victory on northern soil would convince Great Britain and France to join the confederacy

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15
Q 
Describe the battle of Antietam 
Other name
Leaders
Events
What was it?
A

Sharpesburg
The north found Lee’s battle plan.
North: gen, mcClellan
South: gen. Lee

Single bloodiest day in American history
23,000 casualties
North gets the victory

But…
McClellan allowed Lee’s army to escape. (“Held the army in the palm of your hand”)
The war could of ended right there,

It became the political turning point of the war!
Why?
Lincoln decided to emancipate the slaves! This changed the goal of the war.

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16
Q

Sharpesburg

A

Battle of Antietam

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17
Q

Political turning point of the war

A

Battle of Antietam

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18
Q

What freed all the slaves in the south

A

Emancipation proclamation

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19
Q

Why did the emancipation proclamation only free the Slaves in the south?

A

Feared he would lose the support of the border states.

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20
Q

What caused Lincoln to emancipate the slaves?

A
  1. ) Slaves were helping the southern war effort. (Labor force)
  2. ) it would keep England and France out of the war **
  3. ) to help justify the growing casualties of the war.
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21
Q

Effects of the proclamation

A
  1. ) kept England and France out of the war
  2. ) encouraged slaves to run away
  3. )blacks joined up to fight as soldiers
  4. ) led to the passing of the 13th amendment which eventually abolished slavery
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22
Q

What is the 54th mass. Regiment

A

1st all blAck regiment - commander Robert Gould Shaw

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23
Q

Who was robert gould Shaw

A

Commander of 54th mass. Regiment

24
Q

New weapons -impact on the war

A

Old muskets (muzzle loader)
Smooth bored barrels
Very inaccurate - 50 yards

New rifled muskets
Grooved barrels
Very accurate - 500 yards
Deadly!

Artillary - now exploding with shrapnel

The result of these new weapon caused horrendous casualty rates during the war!

25
Q

Describe their hospitals and medicine

A 
It was very pimative and unessasary
Infection was rampant - biggest killer
Amputations were very Common 
In anesthesia at first 
2 out of 3 soldiers died in hospitals
26
Q

Worst Prisoner of war camp

A

Andersonville prison

Georgia
one out of four died

27
Q

Describe the photography

A

New invention
Very popular
First war photographed in history
Matthew Brady - main photographer

28
Q

Who was Matthew Brady

A

Main photographer

29
Q

Women’s roles

A
  1. ) nurses
  2. ) factories - sewing
  3. ) government jobs - copyist
30
Q

Nurses: medicine

A
  1. ) Dorothea dix - 1st nursing corps in the south
  2. ) Clara Barton - “angel of the battlefield”
  3. )sally thomkins - started Singtel nursing corps
  4. ) Elizabeth Blackwell :1st women doctor in USA
31
Q

Most famous northern spy

A

Harriet Tubman

32
Q

Most famous southern spy

A

Rose o Neil greenhow

33
Q

Women writers in the north and south

A

South: Mary chestnut (diary)

North : Juliet ward - wrote the “battle hymn of the republic”

34
Q

Women solders

A

Were not allowed and Loretta Velasquez disguised themselves as men.

35
Q

Why were very few men volunteering by 1863

A

They tried giving bounties (cash) given to get men to sign up! (Bounty jumpers)

36
Q

What were bounty jumpers

A

People who exploited the bounty system

37
Q

What was the conscription

A

Became nessessary, was like a draft and it was the first time in history to happen.

38
Q

Ways to avoid the draft

A
  1. ) certain professions were exempt
  2. ) hire a substitute (pay)
  3. ) own more than 20 slaves
39
Q

Describe the battle of Fredericksburg

A

North was annihilated

“It is well that the war is terrible we should grow to fond of it”

40
Q

Describe the battle of Chancellorsville

A

Lee’s forces crushed hookers

Lee’s greatest victory but turns out to be his most costly one.

41
Q

Why was the battle of Chancellorsville actually hurting the south

A

Stonewall Jackson (Lee’s commander) was shot by his own men. He dies

Attitude of glor me and,doom in the north they were loosing.

42
Q

Lee decided to gamble and “risk all” and invade the north once again, why?

A
  1. ) he was running it of time (men’ food’ and arms)

2. ) the North was on the verge of giving up and suing for the peace,

43
Q

Largest battle in the Western Hemisphere.

A

Battle of Gettysburg.

July 1-3

44
Q

Describe the battle of ghettysburg

A

Day one south had won and taken over the city, central.

Day 2: bloody day of hard fighting. Little round top: commander Lawrence chamberlain “Henry of ghettysburg” held the hill and the northern flank.

Day 3: lee gambled - all out attack at the center of the line! - mistake!

Gen. George Pickett (Pickett’s charge) along with 13,000 Virginians attacked! “High tide of the confederacy” lost 7,50”

Union victory from the time on north would win the war.

Turning point of the war

51,000 casualties dead were buried where they were.

45
Q

Describe the dedication of the Gettysburg nature al cemetery Everett.

A

Major address was given by Edward Everett (“best speaker”) for two hours

Lincoln gave a 2 minute address! (Summary of the purpose of the war) - to see if a nation ruled by the people could last

46
Q

How was West Virginia formed?

A

48 western counties of Virginia secede from the south.

47
Q

Who was Ulysses s, Grant

A

Made commander of all the union forces! * goal to take Richmond!

48
Q

Desicribe the three huge battles in Virginia

A

Wilderness, cold harbor, and spotsylvania

Union lost 60,000 men

49
Q

What was grant called in northern newspapers

A

Butcher

50
Q

Describe the battle of Petersburg

A

Turned in to a 9 month siege

51
Q

Describe the battle of Atlanta

A

Turned in to a 5 month siege

52
Q

What happened to the northern public opinion during the stalemate

A

Against the wars

53
Q

Describe the presidential election of 1864

A

Democrats: led by George McClellan

Republicans: Lincoln - said he was going to be badly beaten unless something changes.

SUPER DUPER IMPORTANT ELECTION

Lincoln won the re election

54
Q

What key northern victories turned the presidential electi9n

A
  1. ) Atlanta fell to Sherman

2. ) port of mobile fell (last southern port)

55
Q

Describe ________’s “March to the sea”

A

William t Sherman’s

Destroys everything in the path to lower the southern morale.

American History Ap (10 decks)

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