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Notebooks > World History > Flashcards

World History Flashcards

1
Q

uses speech to sway crowds

A

demogogue

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2
Q

rule of a few powerful

A

oligarchy

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3
Q

sparta versus athens

A

Pelopoonnesian War.
Sparta’s defeate of Athens in this war destroyed the balance of hte greek world

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4
Q

philsophy/religion out of Athens

A

Stoicism is from Athens

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5
Q

yr of Socrates trial

A

Athens 399bc

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6
Q

yr the Roman Republic controlled entire Meditterean

A

130 BC

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7
Q

yr Hannibal’s army defeated Romans

A

216 bc.
Battle of Cannae

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8
Q

Battle of Canne

A

216bc: Hannibal’s army defeated Romansy

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9
Q

yr of the last Etruscan king

A

509bc

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10
Q

founding of Rome

A

753bc Tiber Riber

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11
Q

empire building by Alex the Great

A

Alex the Great defeated the Persian Empire
- from MacedeoniA
- died at 32yo
- Hellenistic greek spread
- Med to Indus River

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12
Q

what did Alex the Great spread

A

Hellenistic culture

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13
Q

Sophists

A

400 bc
- from Sicilly/Asian minor
- believed all truts are realtive and depends on a particular time/place
SO
no absolute thruth.
believed it was useless to try to understand the nature of the universe
SO
you shoudl just ttry to improve yoursel/city by applying reason to everyday problems>

did rhetoric/public speaking to show peopel how to formulate laws and think critically

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14
Q

whom did Athens blame their Peloponessia loss on

A

Athens blamed their Peloponnesian loss to Sparta on the Sophists.
- took their anger out on Socrates (who was not a Sophist but taught may who supported the olligarchy)

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15
Q

parents of Socrates

A

born 470bc to a sculptor and midwife
- little childhood edu but driven by an innervioice that called him to teach

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16
Q

Socrates and Sophist

A

Socrates rejectist Sophist belief that knowledge and truth are the only things that matter
“the unexamined life is not worth living”

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17
Q

trial of Socrates

A

399bc
- accused of corrupting the youth of athens and refused tobelieve in the traditions of the gods
“wherefore o men of athens”
0 obedient to the law sof hte city . sense of truth and jdty

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18
Q

painting of the death of Socrates

A

399bc
- Jacqe Lousi David 1787

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19
Q

source of information about Socrates

A

he left no writing so we know about his lessons via Plato

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20
Q

Plato

A

aristrocrat.
most famous work = Q&A between 2 people
- grew up during Peloponnesian war and SOcrates teachign
- rejected SOphist views
0 started The Academy
- believed a true philsopher personal knowledge of het perfrect Form that
- believed everyting and concept could be explained perfectly as a form conceived by a divine worker/God
- believed ideal forms exist apart from observed reality
- human consists of 2 parts (soul created by God and body.
- Theory of Forms

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21
Q

Theory of Forms

A

by Plato
- believed everything and concept could be explained perfectly as a form conceived by a divine worker/God
- believed ideal forms exist apart from observed reality
- human consists of 2 parts (soul greated by God” and tbe body

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22
Q

The Republic

A

Plato
his ideal society where all woudl be placed accournding to their skills.
never put into practicer

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23
Q

The Academy

A

Plato

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24
Q

taught Alexander the Great

A

Aristotle

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25
Q

student of Socrates

A

Plato

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26
Q

student of Plato

A

Aristotle

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27
Q

Aristotle

A

happiness can only be reached throgh virtue or wisedom
- virtue was achieve dby keeping a balance in all areas of life “the golden mean”

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28
Q

the golden mean

A

desirable middle between two extremes (excess and deficiency”
_ Delphic maxim “nothing in excess”
discussed in Plato’s Philebus and
- in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics book
“Aristotle view: courage is a virtue but if taken to excess, it would mbe manifestaed as recklessness. if deficient, cowardice”

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29
Q

Meditterean bodies of water west to east

A

Adriatic - Aegean-Black-Caspian-Aral

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30
Q

where are the Caucasus Mts

A

between Black and Caspian Sea

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31
Q

how old was Alex the Great when he became Kng

A

20yo b/c father assassinated

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32
Q

horse of Alex the Great

A

Bucephalus. Alex saw he was afraid of his own shadow so he turned the horse into the sun

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33
Q

Gordian’s knot

A

prophacy that whomever untied the know would be king of all Asia. Lex cut w/sword

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34
Q

Alex the Great and PErsia

A

331bc. Alex defeated Darius Persian.
in 324bc, mass marriage of 10K Persian women to Greek men. Alex married the daughter of Darius

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35
Q

what happened after Alex the Great died

A

Seleucus (suh-loo-kuhs): Asia Minor (Med to Indus River)

Ptolemy Eguypt

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36
Q

Hellenistic women post Alex the Great

A

edu, comerce, business, more property rights BUT had to have a male guardian to oversee. BUT some queens ruled in their own right

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37
Q

Arsinoe

A

ahr SIN oh ee
Egypt 316 bc
- married ruler of Thrace at 15yo
went to Asia Minor with him but he was killed
she fled dressed as a maid and went to Macedonia. married King of Thrace/Maccedonia but kin had her 2 sons killed in her arms. so she and eldest son fled to egypt.
she married Ptolemy II in 277bc . he enjoyed himelf but she had the real power

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38
Q

greek sculptor who did beauty of the female form

A

Praxiteles
prak SIT uhl uhs

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39
Q

Medea

A

daughter of the king. Jason came to Colchis to steal the golden fleece

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40
Q

Menander

A

Greek dramatist. best known representative of Athenian New Comedy
- Dyskolos is one of his 108 known comedies

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41
Q

3 plays by Moliere

A

The Misanthrope “the Cantankerous Lover”
Don Juan
Tartuffe

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42
Q

7 Wonders of the Ancient World

A

Colossus of Rhodes
Lighthouse at Alexandria
Great Pyramids of Giza
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Temple of Zeus in Olympia Greece
Temple of ARtemis in Turkey
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus in Turkey

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43
Q

philsophies of Hellenistic

A

Cynicism, skepticism, epicureanism, stocism

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44
Q

Cynicism

A

founded by Diogenes (dy AHJ uh neez)
- belief that humans should live according to nature
- happiness was for each individual to fulfill their own natural needs

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45
Q

Skpeticism

A

conviction that knowledge wa impossible and belief is merely opinions
- developed in Athens by Pyrrho (pir-oh_
- happiness is the idea that one could never know how things really are.
and to live “with ever a smile and and give piece of mind

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46
Q

Epicureanism

A

withdraw from public life to achieve happiness

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47
Q

Achaemenid Empire

A

first Persian Empire
- Iran empire founded by Cyrus teh Great in 550 bc
- recognized for its imposition of a successful model of centralized bureacratic administration, multicultural policy, buildign complex infrastructure such as roads/organized postal systm, use of official language across its territories, development of civil services including a professional army

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48
Q

aka Macabee dynasties

A

Hasmonean

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49
Q

“give me a place to stand and I can move the Earth”

A

Archamedes and screw. from Syracues

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50
Q

tbleaux

A

static scene of actors. posed silent and in costume and with set/prop

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51
Q

mystery plays

A

aka miracle plays
- plays in medieval Europe that represented Bible stories.
name “mystery” used in teh sense of miracles

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52
Q

greek Geometry

A

Euclid 300sBc. geometry “Elements”

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53
Q

developed the first heliocentric model

A

Aristarchus (ar uh STAHR kuhs)

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54
Q

calculated an accurate earth circumference

A

Eratoosthenes (eruh THAS thub neez_

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55
Q

Greek who said the brain was teh center of the human nervous system

A

Herophilus (huh RAF uh luhs)

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56
Q

yr of Rome founding

A

Romulus/Remus
753 bc Tiber River

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57
Q

Roman army

A

legion

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58
Q

sea power during the Greek height

A

Carthage - sea power
Rome - land power

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59
Q

between Sicilly and the tip of Italy’s boot

A

Strait of Messina

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60
Q

Rome verus Carthage

A

Punic War
264bc

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61
Q

ancient France

A

Gaul

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62
Q

between Spain and France

A

Pyrennes

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63
Q

geography to the top of Italy

A

Alps

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64
Q

geography in the middle of Italy

A

Appennes

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65
Q

where is Byzantine

A

Black Sea and Aegean

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66
Q

geogrpahy of Sparta

A

on a separate island form Athens

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67
Q

Battle of Cannae

A

KAN-ee
216 bc
Punic war. hannibal’s toroops killed 50K ROmans but the Romans refused to surrender

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68
Q

attacked Carthage

A

Scipio attacked Carthage so Hannibal had to withdraw from Italy to return to defend his city - 202 bc

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69
Q

“Carthage must be destroyed”

A

140bc. sowed ground with salt as a sympol of

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70
Q

ship versus spacecraft time to circumnavigate the earth

A

Magellean = 3yrs
Explorer I = 114.7 min

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71
Q

weight of the Earth

A

6.6 sextillion tons

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72
Q

inside Earth layers

A

inner/outer core
mentale
crust

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73
Q

core of the Earth

A

solid/melted nickle and iron

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74
Q

land mostly surrounded by higher land

A

basin

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75
Q

bay

A

area of ocean surrounded by land

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76
Q

cape

A

land that extends into the bay by water

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77
Q

canyon

A

narrow valley w/high steep sides

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78
Q

cape

A

point of land that extends into body of water

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79
Q

delta

A

land formed by silt buildup at the river motuh

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80
Q

divide

A

high ridge of land between areas with different river basins

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81
Q

fall line

A

push where water decreases at a waterfall

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82
Q

foothill

A

low hill at the base of a mountain

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83
Q

fjord

A

narrwo inlet of sea between high steep clifs

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84
Q

glacier

A

slow moving ice spread

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85
Q

gulf/bay

A

large versus small body of ocean surrounded by land

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86
Q

mesa

A

high flat topped ry land with steep sides

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87
Q

penninsula

A

land surrounded on three sides by wateristhmusn

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88
Q

narrow land connected to larger land

A

isthmus

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89
Q

reservoir

A

store water

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90
Q

tributary

A

one river/stream flows itno anothert

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91
Q

tundra

A

broad cold trealess pian

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92
Q

explains the map

A

legend/keys

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93
Q

aka lines of lattitude

A

meridians

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94
Q

0 line of longitude

A

prime meridian. through London18

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95
Q

180 line of lattitude

A

`80 degrees

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96
Q

spring

A

march 20-21

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97
Q

summer

A

june 20-21

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98
Q

fall

A

Sep 22-23

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99
Q

winter

A

Dec 21-22

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100
Q

Iron Age

A

1100 bc

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101
Q

Suez canal opens

A

18 69

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102
Q

tropics on a map

A

Cancer is north
Capricorn is south

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103
Q

yr OPEC formed

A

1960

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104
Q

yr of the Iranian Revolution

A

1979

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105
Q

yr of the Israel and Egypt first peace treaty

A

1979

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106
Q

middle east coast north to south

A

TSLIJ
turkey
syria
lebanon
isreal
jordan

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107
Q

% of land in the Middle East that is suitable for farming

A

7%

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108
Q

dry land

A

arid

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109
Q

lived in ancient Iraq

A

Sumerians

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110
Q

“land between two rivers”

A

Mesopoytania

111
Q

clay pots and nomads

A

clay pots were useless to nomads b/c they broke too easily

112
Q

obsidian

A

black volcanic rock to cut

113
Q

Jericho

A

8000 bc. North dead sea
- trade, water. thick wall 20ft high/6ft wide

114
Q

pyramids of Sumerian

A

zigguratsd

115
Q

benefit of agriculture on history

A

surplus

116
Q

ancient writing of Mesopotamia

A

Sumerians had cuniform

117
Q

first empire builder

A

Sargon the Great. 2300bc

118
Q

first batting rams and chariots

A

Assyrians

119
Q

yr Babylon was conquored by the Persians

A

539 bc

120
Q

benefit of the Nile to ancient Egyptians

A

flooded leaving silt

121
Q

united upper/lower Egypt

A

Menes in 3100bc
Memphis

122
Q

capital of Menes

A

Memphis in 3100bc

123
Q

archetect of the first pyramid

A

Imhotep. 2700bc

124
Q

Hyksos

A

HIK sahs
ended Egypt middle kingdom. transitin to New Kingdom
nomas

125
Q

burial of New Kingdom pharoahs

A

burried dead in protected places. not pyramids

126
Q

son of Nefertitti

A

Amenhotep IV. orded all to worship only one god Aton
king Tut restored

127
Q

Amenhotep IV

A

son of Nefertitti
ordered all to worship only the one god Aton
- king Tut at 9yo. restored multigod worship

128
Q

preceeded King Tut

A

Amenhotep IV. mother was NEfertitti

129
Q

Rameses II

A

made peace with Hittites

130
Q

yr Abraham left Ur

A

2000bc

131
Q

home of Abraham

A

Ur in 2000bc. left

132
Q

King Soloon

A

960bc
David’s Son
married daughter of pharoah
used weath to built temple in Jerusalem

133
Q

built temple in Jerusalem

A

King SOlomon

134
Q

destroyed the ancient state of Israel

A

Babylonians in 587bc

135
Q

yr Muhammad was born

A

570nc

136
Q

stone in Mecca

A

Kaaba

137
Q

Muhammad fled…

A

Mecca to Medina

138
Q

meaning of Islam

A

“submission to God”

139
Q

towers connected to mosques

A

minarets

140
Q

5 pillars of islam

A

belief in one god,
pray x5/day,
alms for poor,
fast during Ramadam,
visit Mecca once in life

141
Q

art in Islam

A

no people/animals
-geometry, pillars, caligraphy
caligraphy makes god’s work more beutiful

142
Q

arab nomads

A

Bedouins were arab nomads who lived at Oasises and led by sheikh

143
Q

Islamic cloth

A

Damask = from damascus
muslin - from Mosul

144
Q

galabeya (gaal uh bee uh).

A

loose fitting traditional garmet men from the Nile Valley wear

145
Q

fellahin

A

native villagers and farmer.s.

146
Q

yr of Nasser

A

1953: Gamal Abdel Nasser
(juh mahl uhb DUHL NAH sur

147
Q

yr Egyptian president was assassinated

A

1981: Prez Anwar Sadat assassinated.
Hosini Mubarak (HASS nee muh AHR ak)

148
Q

yr of the Egypt dam

A

1968: Aswan Dam. created a 300 mile long lake
- can generate electricity. replaced outdated irrigation and controlle floods
BUT
doesnt’ let river crry as much soil as befoer so land not as fertile.

149
Q

rive on eastern shore of Israel

A

Jordan Ricver

150
Q

Sabras

A

Jews born in Israel. now out
prickly but sweet center cactus

151
Q

jewish farm

A

kibbutz

152
Q

Israel collective farm

A

moshavim (moh shuh veem)

153
Q

cities in Israel

A

Tel Aviv, Haja

154
Q

government of Israel

A

Knesset

155
Q

female PM of Isrel

A

Golda Meir
- school teacher in Milwauke, Wisconson

156
Q

last standing part of SOlomon’s Temple

A

Wailing wall

157
Q

m

A
158
Q

where did Muhammad descend

A

Dome of the Rock.

159
Q

Church of the Holy Sepulchar

A

sep uhl kuhr
- resurrection of jesus/tomb

160
Q

role of OPEC

A

1960: set prices for oil and control production
- Iran, Venezula, Sauid, Kuwait, Iraq

161
Q

Camp David Accord

A

1979L Sadat, Carter, Begin of Israel
ended egypt/israel war

162
Q

Germans killed at Olympics

A

1972: 11 Israeli athlets. by PLO who was in opposition to Israel

163
Q

aka Persia

A

Iran

164
Q

leader of Iran

A

Shah

165
Q

Iran and women right to vote

A

Iran gave women the right to vote in 1963

166
Q

Iranian Revolution

A

1979L Ayatollah Khemoni. revolution forces Shah . implemented shariah law

167
Q

estuary in the mittle east

A

Shatt al Arab esuary
- Iran/IRaw war post Iranian Rev.
- border of each nation was supposed to go through the center but each wanted to control the estuary
- Khomei didn’t think Prez Saadam Hussein of Irq was a true muslim. Sadaam welcomed modern technology whil Ayatollah was old school

168
Q

first mission to Jupiter

A

Pioneer 10
1972

169
Q

sea between sweeden and mainland

A

baltic Sea

170
Q

sea between Scandinavia and Russia

A

barrets sea

171
Q

sea between UK and Norway

A

North Sea

172
Q

located directly south of Norway

A

Denmark

173
Q

boarder between Europe and Asia

A

Ural Mts

174
Q

culture on Crete

A

Minoan

175
Q

ancient storyteller

A

Homer did Illiand and Odyssey in 800bc

176
Q

city state of Athens

A

Athens was the chief city-state of Attica

177
Q

ran first marathon

A

Pheidippides ran 26.w2 miles to reprot defeat

178
Q

Xerxes

A

480bc. watched defeat at Salamis. beheaded captains when swam ahore

179
Q

Greek who believed all things were made of atoms

A

Democrities

180
Q

father of history

A

Herodotus

181
Q

writing by Herodotus

A

father of History
Perisan war

182
Q

greek tragedies

A

Sophocles

183
Q

Sophocles

A

greek gragedies

184
Q

epic poems of greek

A

lyre

185
Q

commedy greek who wrote about Athens Peloponnnesian war

A

Aristophanes

186
Q

“know thyself”

A

Socrates

187
Q

location of Sicilly

A

less than 100 miles from North Africa

188
Q

prince of troy

A

Aneas is a prince of troy who fought in the Trojan war. went to Italy, ROme

189
Q

Praetors

A
  1. in roman gov.head of senate/assembly.
190
Q

Censurs

A
  1. in Roman gov
    - supervises citizens, sets taxes, appropriate Senator usually forms. consuls
191
Q

Counsolors

A

2 in Roman gov
supreme pwoer
elected every yaer
head of gov, commander in chief
becomes Senator at end of term

192
Q

treasurers in Roman governmen

A

Quaestors. 8. 1yr term

193
Q

Tribunes

A

10 in Roman gov
- 1yr term
- guards rights of plebians and can veto Senators

194
Q

how manySenators in Roman governmetn

A

500

195
Q

commoners in Rome

A

plebians

196
Q

nobels in Rome

A

patricians

197
Q

aka veto

A

“I forbide”

198
Q

Twelve Tables

A

450bc.
first Roman Code of laws as created from plebian. written on bornze tablets and posted in Roman square

199
Q

role of Caesar

A

governor of Gaul

200
Q

rival of Julius Caesar

A

Pompey

201
Q

downfall of Julius Ceaesar

A

49bc: Senate, who supported Pompey, ordered Caesar to return to Rome. brought army w/him so he wouldn’t be killed. Pompey fled
44bc: Caesar assassinated with 23 daggers

202
Q

sucessor of Julius Caesar

A

Julius had chosen OActavian. 27bc. grandnewphew adopted

203
Q

Roman writer

A

Cicero

204
Q

inspiration for ancient Roman art

A

Greek
- greek = beauty and perfection
- roman = as things really are

205
Q

concrete

A

sand/gravel bound by cenemnt

205
Q

wrote about the founding of Rome

A

Aneid by Virgil

206
Q

road of Rome

A

Appian Way

207
Q

baths of Rome

A

Baths of Caricalla (kahr-uh-KAL-uh)

208
Q

what did Roman emperors belief would make their people content/peaceful

A

bread and circuses
- circusm Maxdimus/Colossum

209
Q

foregin office

A

consulate

210
Q

5 germanic tribes

A

Visigoths - Iberian
Vandals - N. Africa
Ostrogoths (AH truh gahts) and balkans
- Saxons - ENgland
franks -Gaul/W. germany

211
Q

leaders of barbarians

A

Cheiftians. ruled land only they could defend

212
Q

aka Barbarians

A

germanic tribes

213
Q

Charlemagne

A

close ties with pope
King of France in 758
Pope Leo 3 crowned him Holy Roman Emperor

214
Q

reing of Augustus Ceaesr

A

41yr emperor of Rome
only held offices that existed befoeprior but held them year after year
Augustus - respected one
Golden Age of Rome - 27bc-14AD
“I found Rome brick and left it marble”

215
Q

“I found Rome brick and left it marble”

A

Augustus Caesar

216
Q

peace of Rome

A

Pax Romana

217
Q

emperor when the Roman empire was at its largest

A

Trajan 117AD

218
Q

famous art of Byzantine mepire

A

mosaics

219
Q

Constantine

A

312AD: Emperor became a Christian
Christianity became a state religion in Rome

220
Q

Cosntantinople

A

official capital of Roman Empire in 330AD

221
Q

official capital of Roman Empire in 330AD

A

Constantiniople

222
Q

germanic tribe ruler who took over Rome

A

476 AD: Odoacer (oh doh AY gun)

223
Q

end of the Byzantine empire

A

1453

224
Q

main square of Rome

A

foreum

225
Q

roman courtyard

A

atrium

226
Q

aka Latin-esque languages

A

Romance languages: latin, french, italian, spanish

227
Q

Justian Code

A

530AD

228
Q

goods taken by force

A

plunder

229
Q

started the crusades

A

Pope Urban III
1095-France

230
Q

crudades

A

8 major crusades between 1095-1291
captued Jersualem in 1099 and held until 1187

231
Q

feudalism

A

middle ages
system of loyalty and protective
800-1300AD

232
Q

nobels in feudalism

A

vassals - owned loyalty to higher nobels and got land back

233
Q

land in feudalism

A

fiefs

234
Q

worked the land in feudalism

A

serfs

235
Q

villages in feudalism

A

villages on manors = large estates

236
Q

way to become a knight

A

page - squire at 15yo - knight at 21yo

237
Q

promise by knight

A

knights promised to defend the christian church. chivalry

238
Q

armored knights

A

heavy, slow,expensive, easy to defeat
- only rich could have
- fell out of favor by 1400

239
Q

community of Christians

A

Christedom

240
Q

sheepskin

A

parchment

241
Q

gives rights to something

A

charter

242
Q

location of famous cities in Spain

A

center = Madrid
center but south of Madrid: Toledo
South but not south coast = Cordoba an Seville
western coast = Valencia
south
gibralter

243
Q

island due east of Spain

A

Palma

244
Q

NW coast of Spain

A

Barcelona

245
Q

location of Lisbon

A

Portugal. slightly south of middle coastline

246
Q

city on the eastern coast of Spain

A

Barcelona and Valencia

247
Q

in-between France and Spain

A

Andorra

248
Q

Bordeaux

A

coast on Atlantic

249
Q

apprentice to professional

A

apprentice - journeyman-master
- guild had to approve apprentice to master

250
Q

years of the Renaissance

A

1400-1600

251
Q

purpose of Magna Carta

A

1215: King John
- nobels wanted to protect their rigghts but hte final results also protected peasants

252
Q

river in Florence

A

Arno River
- Medici banking control
Lorenzo de Medici was a patron of hte art

253
Q

first perspective painter

A

Giotto

254
Q

painted St Peter’s church

A

Michangelo

255
Q

yr of the Mona Lisa

A

1503

256
Q

yr Martin Luther nailed to door

A

1517 Whittenberg 95 Theses

257
Q

movement Martin Luther starte

A

Reformation

258
Q

how did the Reformation start

A

1517: nailed 95 Theses on the door of theWhittenberg church

259
Q

HRE up against Martin Luther

A

Charles V. forbade anyone to help ML so a prince kidnapped him. wrote constantly while in shelter

260
Q

Moors

A

Muslims in teh Iberian penninsula.
Ferdinand of Aragton and Isabella of Castille married in 1469 and drove out the Moors in 1492

261
Q

action Ferdinand and Isabella did

A

drove the Moors out of Spain in 1492

262
Q

first Tudor King

A

1485
Henry 7

263
Q

year Queen Mary died

A

1558

264
Q

explorer during Liz I

A

Sir Francis Drake

265
Q

100 yrs War dates

A

England v France
1337-1453

266
Q

year of Joan of Arc

A

1429: told to drive England out of France at 16yo

267
Q

book about the heliocentric theory

A

Copernicus 1543

268
Q

improved the telescope

A

Gaileo

269
Q

Newton gravity. said that force kept planets

A

1687

270
Q

year Liz I died

A

1603

271
Q

yr the Netherlands became independent from Spain

A

1648

272
Q
A

Notebooks (13 decks)

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