JHOC Flashcards
largest maritime oil spill in history
Deepwater Horizon
- offshore oil reg in the Gulf of Mexico owned by BP
- explosion in 2010 caused an explosion that killed 11, ignighted a fireball that was visible from 40 miles away
0 inextinguishable for 40 miles
- collapsed in 36 hrs
- slush combo of drillign mud, water, and methane gass that ignighted
- team tried multiple defenses to stop the spill but all prevention defensive mechanisms failed
destruction of the enviornment by humans
ecocide
purpose of the JHOC course
to show teh civil-military role
how many humanitarian disasters did OFDA assist in in FY19
49
* Iraq and Syria were teh largest recipients
Syria got $249M
Iraq got $221M
USAID
agency for itnernational develoment
who certified the JHOC course
J7
operation post Japan earthquake/tsunami/meltdown
Operation Tomadachi in 2011
DENTCAP
Dental civic action progarm
MEDCAP
medical civic action program
VETCAP
veternarian civil action program
MEDRETE
medical readiness training exercise
CCAD
Construction Civic Action Details
“See-Kads”
- civic actions of up to 25 Seebees to act as good will ambassadors
top 3 sources of OFDA Funding by sector
- health
- WASH
- structure/
humanitarian sectors funded by USAID
agricture/food security
economic
health
logistics/relief commodity market system
humanitarian stuides analyzis applications
economic recovery and market systems
what is a vital part of long-term post recovery
economic receovery is vital to long-term rehab
warehouses maintaned by USAID
3 worldwide
M&E
monitoring & evaluation
- a way to systematically ID program bjectives and the logic/pathway . monitor progress towards achieving objectives and assess whether the activitesi results in outcomes
importance of foreign assistance at the stragegic level
foreign assistance is an essential instrumetn of US foreign policy
- investment to national security and a strategic investment, economic/moral imperative
Robert Gates 3D’s
defense, diplomacy, development
fragility is…
“fragility is the absence or breakdown of a social contract between people and their government. Fragile states suffer from deficitys of institutional capacity and political legitimacy that increse the risk of instability and violent conflict and sap the state of its resillience to disruptive shocks”
IMET
international miltiary education and trainign
examples of organizations that participate in economic aid
USAID
IMF
examples of organizations that offer humanitarian assistance
USAID
DOD
Dept State
5 USG foreign assistance catagories
development aid
ecnomic assistance
multilateral economic contributions
security assistance
humanitarian assistance
Brookings Institution
American think tank that primarily does reasearch and education into social sociences
* 5 research programs: economic studies, foreign policy, governance studies, global economy and devleopment, brookings metro.
what happens after humanitarian asistance
transition to development activities
importance of gaining a foothold post humanitarian assistance
when aligned wtih a strategic goal to project American power, foreign aid, stabilzied local interest, prevents peer adversaries from gainign a foodhold and increase the economic activity of a target/fragile state
leads USAID
Administrator
overarching USAID
Dept of State
Samaritan’s Purse
nondenominational evangelical Christian aid giving spiritual and physical aid aroudn teh world
stat of USAID
established in 1961 by Kennedy’s Foreign Assistance Act. cuban/cold war. wanted to leverage DOD and s
mission statement of SUAID
“in support of AMerican foreign policy”
- strategic
what does USAID work to advance
USAID works to advance US national security and econimic prosperty, demonstrtes American genorousisty, and to promote a path to recepient anself reliance/resillience
transition that happens after a humanitarian/econimic incident
relief to development
PRM
Burea ofr Population, Refugees, and Migrations
- a Dept of State humanitarian bureau
- formulates policies on populations, refugees, and migratnts.
- administers US refugee assistance and admission programs
what % of the world’s population is displaced
1%
what happens to most people who are displaced
80% of displaced pesons are affected by food insecurity and malnutrition
IDP
internally displaced person
refugee
outside country of origin
0 unable to avaibale self of protection in one’s country
0 well founded fear of prosecution for race, religion, nationality, social group, politics…
IDP
leave due to armed conflict and violencer
0 no cross into iinternally
who is responsible for IDP
host nation
UNHCR
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- mission: ensure everyong has teh right to seek asylum and find safe refuge after fleeing violence, persecution, or war in their home country
durable solutions to refugees/IDP
voluntary repatriation
local integration
resettlement
why does our Stee Department do USAID/foreign assistence
peace
security
supprot democracy
show resolve and capabilities
why does teh DOD do foreign humanitarian
alleviate suffering of roeign disasters
has unique military capabilituies, security cooeration objectives
miltiary can provide thigns quickly like logistics and eqiupment that the internatioal community can’t provide
military could do everything in an international disaster
“military can do everything but should they and will they
relationship ebtween DOD and USAID in disasters
may have different motivations for similiar things but are 1 USG team
BHA
Bureau of Humanitarian Assistance. under USAID
- leads federal coordiantion for itnernational disaster assitance
US Geological Survey
monitors earthquakes in the US
US Geological Survey
under the Dep to the interior
where is Subic bay
bay on teh west coast of Luzon in the Philippeans. 62 milies NW of Manilia bay
volcano eruption in Philippeans taht was the 2nd largest eruption of the 20th century
Mt Pinatubo in 1991
Mt Pinatubo
Philippeans in 1991
second largest eruption if the 20th centuray
FEWS Net
Famine Early Warning Systems Network
- created by USAID and Dept of State after east/west africa faminines in 1985
5 States of teh Disaster-Management Cycle
prevention
mitigation
preparedness
reponse
recovery
2 non-military uniformed services
NOAA
Public Health Service
notwithstanding
superseding all other laws or overriding only previously enacted conflicting provisions
differenes between drought and faminie
drought = prolonged lack of water
definition for complex emergencies
must have an element of conflict
what happens to disaster relief after each new fiscal year
a new fiscal year needs a disaster redeclaraiotion
3 criteria for disaster resposne
- HN requests/willa ccept US assistances (HN may refuse b/c optics, priede,…)
- disaster is beyond teh ability fo the affect country to responde adeaquaty
- responding is in teh interest of the USG
*all 3 must qualify
declaring the haiti earlthquake a humanitarian disaster
USG made 2 disaster declartions. declared one for teh earthquake then one for the humanitrian crisis
who declares a disaster?
US ambassatory (depty chief of mission)_ or assistant sec fo state for the region if in aan area w/o an ambassador. not the president
who are generally ambassadors of countries
donors to the presidential campaign
cyhief of mission authority
directs USG assistance
MDRO
Mission Disaster Relief Officer
0 Chief of mission or principle officer in a country that has had a disaster appoints a MDRO
CoM
chief of mission
EAP
emergency action plan
what does the MDRO do
Mission Disaster Relief Officer
- appointed by chief of mission in a country
- drafts the Disaster Declaration and maintains Annex J of the Embassy Emergency Action Plan
- must udnerstand HN disster response System
