Random B Flashcards
principal assistant to a member of a cabinent
undersecretary
goal of commissary charges
preserves the military resale which decrease taspayer burden
% savings at the comissary versus civilian sector
30% savings
where are most commissaries located
2/3 of commissaries operate in areas that wouldn’t be profitable for commercial entities
uses of liquid nitrogen
Freezing and transporting food products
Cryopreservation of biological samples (sperm, eggs, animal genetic samples)
Cryotherapy for skin abnormalities
Cooling superconductors
Making liquid nitrogen ice cream
Creating fog effects
Flash-freezing flowers
Protecting samples from oxygen exposure
Source of dry nitrogen gas
Cryosurgery
froze Han Solo
liquid carbonite
benefit of using liquid nitrogen to make ice cream
takes an 18hr process down to 18 seconds with less stirring
importance of ice crystals in ice cream
ice crystals in ice cream gives cream smoothness
why doesn’t dry ice work of ice cream.
carbonates it melts into the cream and alters flavor in a bad waqy
“air whip” ice cream
churrning introduces air into the mixture as the cream freezes
- most brands have an air whip factor of above 50% which means 50% of the ice cream is air. more air = less taste.
- best premium (like Ben and Jerry) gets air whip factor to 15% which is why B&J tastes so good…but also why it is expensive…
HITECH Act
Heath Infomration Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act
- US law to expand the use of electronic health records. incentivizes the meanifnful use of EHR and strengthens privacy/security privisions of HIPA
actuaries
pros who assess financial risks in the insurance and finance fields
- risk assessment, pricing, product development, create projection models
data aggregation
process of combining datasets from diverse sources into a single format and summarizing it to support analysis and decision making
- makes it easier to assess and perform statistical analysis on a large amount of data to gain a holistic view of your businesses and make better informed decisions
IIHI
individual identifiable health information
URL
Universal Resource Locator
TRO operations
treatment, payment, healthcare operations
fundamental objective of information security
confidentiality
integrity
availability
critical triad of learned skills that improve with practice
decision making
mangement
ledership
PBL
problem base learning
what triggers decision-making
decision making is usually triggered by a problem but is often handled in a way that doesn’t focus on eliminating the underlying problem
- sometimes a deliberate choice b/c don’t have the time, energy, reosurces to solve the real problem
purpose of cse studies
stories that impart knowledge
rules of thumb
heuristics
nursing process
ADPIE
definition of critical thinking
the mental process of actively and skillfully conceptilizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and evaluating informaation to reach an answer or concdlusion
- reflecting on teh meaning, examining the offered evidence, and reasoning, and forming jdugements about facts
gut feeling
intuition
- gut feeling that helps you take strategic action
6 critical elements in decision-making
define objectives clearly
gather data carefully
take time necessary
generate many alternatives
think logically
choose and act decisively
why can’t you just forge ahead (w/regards to decision-making)
should first determine your objectives and/or goals
confirmation bias
our tendency to search for/favor information that confirms our beliefs while simultaneously ignoring/devaluing iformation that contradicts our beliefs
managerial decision-making process
determien the decision and desired action
research/identify options
compare/contrast including with consequences
make a decision
implement
evaluate
traditional problem solving process
ID problem
gather data to analyze cause and consequences of proposal
explore alternatives
evaluate alternatives
set the appropriate solutions
implement teh solution
evaluate
format for Evidence Based Practice questions
PICOT
difference between left and right brain
left brain is analytical
right brain is creative, intiutive
PERT
program evaluation and review technique
- a flowchart that predicts which events and activities must take place if the final event is to occur
payoff table
columns = state of nature/events
rows = choice or decision
origin story of the PERT program
PERT = program evaluation and review technique
- used to determine timing of decisions in connection w/the Polaris missile program
set of small black leather boxes with lether stratch containing scrolls of partchmetn with verses from torrah
Tefillin
Tefillin
small leather boxes with straps. contain scrolls of parchmetn with Otrah verses
book by Dawin
The Descent of Man
glib
showing little forethought of preparation
- marked by ease/fluency in speaking/writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful
what does Candide poke fun at
Leibniz and his belief that our world is the best of all possibel worlds
what did Voltaire criticize
Christianity/Catholic church and slavery
- advocate of freedom of speech and religion. wanted separation of church and staet
-
polemics
contentious rhetoric intended to support a specific position by forthright claims and to undermine the opposing position
orthodoxy
adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion
what education is the only on that can truly be said that it makes good citizens
“education in the critical faculty is the only education of which it can truly be said that it makes good citizens”
what 3 things should you watch out for when you information gather
when information gathering, be sensitive to inaccuracies, distortion, and misuse
* the mind is unconsciously deluded, self-deceived, and sterotypes/projections/scapegoals
thngs you should assess for when information gathering
clarity
depth & breadth
relevance
logically
identification of POV and frame of reference
goals & objectives
question about the end/objectives…
end/objective statements and the wording of questions<
Implications of use
method/quality of collection
pov/frames of reference
assumptions that underly conclusoins
question to ask when you consider if a source is credible
your own POV/frame of reference
how does writing style trick teachers into thinking a student is critically thinking
if a student has fluent/glib/whitty writing, that isn’t critical thinking. if assert flamboyantly and vivaciously that can be mistanen for critical thinking
- example…
wrote Principia Mathematica
Bertrand Russel
axiomatic method
in logic, a procedure by which an entire system is generated in accordance with specified rules by logical deduction from certain basic preposition s(axioms/postulates) which, in tyrn, are constructed from a few terms taken as primitize
famous for work in geometry
Euclid
what does strategic assessment invovle
information sharing and coordination
what to ask when you aren’t sure about a question?”
“What is missing that needs to be addressed?”
what kind of cognitive thinking do we do throughout the day
We spend much of our day in cognitive autopilot. not thinking about the choices we make
- think: how much of your daily routine from teh moment is just a routin that you don’t have to think much abotu?
mental models
tools we unknowlingly create to replicate how we believe the world works
- lets us cope w/reality by providing a ready-made mode
- simplifies our enviornment by brining each experience a pre-established
narrative fallacy
cognitive bias where we view the world in terms of patterns but we get into trouble when these patters don’ eist
frames (critical thinking)
mental structures taht simplify and guide our inderstanding of a complex reality
why can’t we critically think about everything
we simply don’t have the capability to register and think about everything we perceive
- we are inclined to fill gaps w/assumptions b/c we are uncomfortable with a completely abstract picture w/o meaning
what happens when the things around us are too abstract
we are inclined to fill gaps w/assumptions b/c we are uncomfortable with a completely abstract picture w/o maning
- the more abstract a perception, the more our brain will add meaning to it
deductive reasoning
draw a confusion from two premises.
what are the 5 Disciplines
“the art and practice of the learning organization”
- personal mastery
- mental models
- building shared vision
- team learning
5th: systems thinking.
unduly
excessively
don’t be swayed by first impressions
do not be swayed by first impressions or single explaination that fits well enough
BATNA
best alternative to a negotiated agreement
cognitive bias
unconscious beliefs that guide and compel our behavior
sunk cost bias
humans persistently act illogically based on decisions they made previously b/c it relieves the necessity of admitting that previous decisions were made in error
halo effect
we place things we find appealing/attractive first regardless of actual capabilities. fallacy
pitchfork effect
unappealing things are placed last regardless of actual capabilities
narrative fallacy
turn unrelated facts into a story leads to invent reality where no meaning actually exists
self fulfilling prophecy
false definition of a situation evoking a new behavior which makes the originally false perception come true than the prophet will cite the course of events as proof that he was right all along
glittering generality
using vague emotionally appealing virtuous words that disposes us to approve something w/o closely examining the reason
appeal to questionalble authority
person cited is not the right authority for an issue
slippery slope
chain reaction
red herring
distracting flashy info
strawman fallacy
stacking the deck by distorting the opponent’s pov so it is easy to attack (so you end up attacking a weak/irrelevant or POV that doesn’t exist)
fallacy where people incorrectly think a issue is black and white
false dichotomy
begging the question
conclusion is snuck into the premise. a fallacy of deductive reasoning
hasty generalization
drawing a conclusion about a larger gruop based on …
fallacy of inductive reasoning
faulty analogy
fallacy where the one being uesed isn’t enough to support
casual oversimplificaton
fallacy relying on casual factors taht are insufficient to account for an event
neglect of a common cause
failure to recognize that two events may be related b/c of teh effect of a common 3rd factor
explaination by naming
falsely claiming that b/c you named an event/behavior, you have adequately explained it
confusion of cause/effect
failure to recognize that two events are influencing each other
post hoc ergo propter hoc
“after thi therfore because of this”
= since event Y followed event X, event Y must be caused by X”
correlation is not causation
alternative name for the “correlation is not causation” fallacy
post hoc ergo prompter hoc
dialetical
method of reasoning and argumentation that involves the resolution of conflicting representations. use to decide which information prevails
syncretism
practice of comiining different beliefs and schools of though
productive use of devil’s advocate
consider if stated beliefs are formed prematurely /wo considering alternatives
- helps expose implicit assumptions
- good b/c we commonly perceive what we intend to perceive and value information consistent with our views but reject what does not form a conclusion first then find information to support
postmortem analysis
fiend key vulnerabilities in a plan by assuming it failed
traditional 6 step plan to problem solving
- what problem needs to be addressed
- analyze the problem
- identify and assess ramifications of potential solutions
- select/plan solutions
- implement th solution
- evaluate the solution and see if the problem was solved
systems thinking
the 5th Discipline
approach that looks holistically at a problem
- how does this one problem impact the entire organization
- what ar the ramifications of each proposed solution on the organization?
intellectual standards
clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, bredth, logic, significance,
what do critical thinkers look for
motivation and purpose yet deliberate false purposes might be used during military operations as part of deceptive operations in support of information operations
key = differentiate ebtween self-depreciation tendencies and planned deception ops
example: how to critical think about terrorism solutions
consider that person’s background (legal, political, strategic, economical, security) and how that shapes their opinion
Ponzi Scheme
investment scam
- pay early investors with money taken from later investors to create an illusion of big profits
- promise high rate of return with little risk|- relies on world of mouth to attract new investors
blockchain
decentralized, distributed, and often public digital ledger consisting o records called blocks that are used to record transitions
- distribution ledger with gowning lists of records taht are securely linked together via cryoptraphic hashes
anthithesis
direct opposite or rhetorical contrast of ideas
Rashoman Effect
multiple witnesses each give plausible yet different acocutns
- blind man feels different parts of an elephant but think it id siffernt thngs
- unreliable witnesses but pressure from authority to find the truth
intellecutual virtues
integrity
humility
confidence
reason
preserverence
courage
autonomy
fairmindedness
what is a potential reprocussion for nonconformity
severe penalties
humans have a largely underdeveloped rationality capacity
b/c at birth they are egocentric and grow up to do groupthink
tool officers can use to lobby
White ,Point ,Position Paper
Whtie Paper
formal paper in teh prescribed format. primarily for administrative/managerial problems were operational considers aren’t immensively involved
estimations
when there are no clear/feasible solutions ot ian identified issue butthe CDR needs best avaialble estimatins of hot to procede and must have it in short time
- commander’s estimation of the situation and staff estimate
HOW TO DO IT
- JP-3 JointOps
- Field Manual 1015 Staff organization and operations
principles of effective communication
FOCUS
focused - nothing but the issue
organized presentation
clear and concise
uindertand audiences andtheir expectaitons
support to the support facts
negative split (run)
running strategy where yiu run the back half of a long race faster than the first half
loaded question
assertation built into it
“when are you gong to stop beating your wife”
poisioning the well
negative information about a person is presented in an attempt to discredit the argumetns made by that person
stirrign symbols
use a pwoerful symbol to build
“I stand before the american flag announcing my run for president”
primacy of print fallacy
facts believed just b/c they are in print and in a book
single cause fallacy
assuming there is a single cause for an event where then really is multiplei
argument does not follow
non sequitor
faulty dilemma
implies there is not middle ground and only two optinos. do this or that
jumping to conclusions w/o evidence
hasty generalization
stacked evidence
tendency to withhold or manipulate support so the data only points in one direction. shy away from counterarguments
what happens when you invoke a strawman?
you attack the argument you wish was posed
how to make clear and concise poitns
PREP
- point: i think we should delay the project by 2 days
- reason: b/c we don’t want bad press
- example: for example, last year we were in a simulat situation and the rollow w bad and felt pressure to release tit but there were glitchs
- point summarized: based on our experience from last year, I think we should delay
what does Clausewitz say about war
war is a continuation of politics by other means
“The City of God”
fall of rome by St Augustine
- romans said the fall of Rome was the fault of the Christians b/c the Roman gods protected the empire. the worship of gods had a practical and civic function
stats about the fall of Rome
476AD
emperor Romulus Augustus
what did St Augustine say about removing justice
“remove justice and what are kingdoms but gangs of criminals on a large scale”
what is the role of the pope
bishop of rome
dar al harab
world of conflict that lies outside of the order of Islamic civilization
ended the 30 yrs war
Peace of Westphalia in 1648
- also made religion no longer a factor in determining alliances or granting/withholding citizenshiopre
reasons for going to war
jus ad bellum
who did ADM Stockdale say was the most at risk when a POW
saw that POW with little history, education, of patriotism were at risk
- enemy exploits doubts and shakes loyalty
what about states morally warrents…
“what about states morally warrants a profession dedicated to service their interests and ikilling/defying on their beliefs”
what does the moral standing of any stad tepend on
“the moral standing of any particular state depends on reality to the common life it protects and the extent to which teh sacrifies required by that profession are willignly accepted and though . if no common life exists or the stae doesn’t defend that for its own defense may have not moral justification
topic in Ike’s farewell address
showed a concern for the growing military-industrial compelx
why doesn’t the US always interevene
it is hard to make a case for crucial US interests in other countries
TRIPs
trade related intellectual property system
- a key component of the world trade organization framework
- sets minimal standards for the protection/enforcement of intellectual property worldwide
risks associated with TRIPS
- economic disparties are barries to implementing TRIPS
- access to medicine
- trade disputes
-innovation versus protection
army chow hall
DFAC: dining facility
MSAF
multisoruce assessment and feedback
RIP
relief in place
ethical fading
occurs when peopel focus heavily on some other aspect of a decision (profitability or winning) causing teh ethical aspects of a decision to disappear from view
downfall fo Petraeus
CIA director. adultry
John Kirby
retierd admiral
White House National Security Communicators Advisor
Biden’s Pentagon press secretary and assistance to SecDef for Publics affairs
spokesman for DOS, and Obama’s pentagon press secretary
- SWO on a frigate later PAO. mostly public affaris
theory of moral reasoning
Kohlberg
- wife dying but can’t buy prescription b/c too expensive. can you steal
- preceonventional = good versus bad based on potential reward
conventional
postconventional - abstract moral thinking
soldiers as tradesmen,
officers as manager
soldiers are the tradesmen of killing but officers are the managers of violence
idea of professional autonomy within the profession of arms
the idea of professional autonomy whtin the profession of arms is often too easily dismissed as nonexistent or severely bounded b/c of its bureaucracy
what are you after you complete an apprenticeship
journeymand
religous leaders rule in the name of deities
theocarcy
what was Pharoah considered to be
a manifestation of the Gods
sun god of ancient Egypt
Ra
Maat
egyptian cosmic order/daughter of Sun god Ra.
made the sun rise and annual flooding of the nile = food
gave food to the ancient Egyptians
Maat: daughter of Sun god Ra. made sun rise and teh annual floing of the Nile which gave them food
greek who visited Egypt and wrote about it
Herodotus around 450bc.
coined term “gift of the Nile”
Herodotus
who originated the 365 day calender
Egyptians
chaos god of ancient Egypt
Seth
brother of Osirus (egypt god)
Seth
calendar of ancient Egypt
Nile flooded June-Oct and that brought in the silt
- grew crops Oct-Feb.
harvest until June
result of food surplus
trade
aka flood
induration
sign that the Nile would soon start flooding
dog star Sirus
united upper/lower Egypt
their capital = __
Menes/Namar
3100bc
capital Memphs
historical periods of Egypt
Old
Middle: 2055-1650bc
New Kingdom
invaders from Asia took over ancient Egypt
150bc: Hyksos from Asia invaded/took over Etypt. they had chariods with horses and better weapons
biblical pharoah
Rameses
New Kingdom Pharoahs
Ahmose
Thutmose
Hatshepsut
Akhenatem and wife Nefertiti
Tut
Ramases
greek for sun
helio
to praise
extol
instructions for Egyptian dead
Book of the Dead
- almost 200 spells to help with e afterlife
first group to believe in life after death
Etyptians
Osirus
fetility, detah, resurrection
- taught humans to farm, create citivilation
- judges death
- first haroah on earth
isis
twin/wife of Osirus
created Nile from her tears when Osirus died
mythology of the origin of the Nile
created from the tears of Isis when her twin/husband Osirus died
Seth
etypitian storm god. discord/chaos, anger, evil
- protects dun god on his nightly journey
egyptian with a jackel head
Anubuis
female protector of the Egytpian dead
Nephthys younger sis of Osirus/Isis/seth and mom of Anubus
mother of Anubis
Nephthys
- had an affair with Osirus so he is the father
Nephthys
depicted as a kite or woman with outstretched falcon wings
- mom of Anubis (dad is Osrius b/c affair)
sister of Osirus/Set/Isis
Egyptian women with a water pot on her head
Nut: mom of Osirus/Isis/Set
- also depected a s Cow
parents of Osirus/Isis/Set/Nephthys
Nut= mom
Geb= dad
deity/spirit who acts as a protector for a person/place, culture/job…
tutelary
- expresses the concept of safety and guardianship
why did Anubis have a jackel head?
Nephthys was married to Set but had an affair with Osirus. So set cursed him to have the head
death of Osirus
Set offered a coffin to anyone who could fit in it. Osirus tried and it was shut with lead. set out to sea and went to lebanon. Tree grew around it
- Isis cried tears and created the nile. went to find him. opened b ox and she turned into a bird. flapped wings which put air back into his lugns. they had sex and conceived Horus then he died again
- Set became pharoah. cut his body and scattered pieces. Isis found all but penis. burried it and that became Osirus temple
only piece of Osirus not found
penis
invented the mummification process
Isis and Anubis for Osirus
son of Isis and Osirus
Horus
deceptively charming
beguiling
Plutarch
Greek who later became a Roman citizen
- writer and priest at the Temple of Apollo at Delphi
- wrote “Parallel Lives” series of biographies of Greeks and Romans. and “Moralia” a collection of essarys and speaches”
wrote “Parallel Lives”
48 biographies of Green and Romans
- he lives are arranged in pairs to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings.[1] The surviving Parallel Lives comprises 23 pairs of biographies, each pair consisting of one Greek and one Roman of similar destiny, such as Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar, or Demosthenes and Cicero. It is a work of considerable importance, not only as a source of information about the individuals described, but also about the times in which they lived.
- written in early AD
ceremony done in the Egyptian afterlife
weight heart. did they lead a good life?
compare to feather of godde3ss Maat.
failure = heart eaten by Ammut
**no record of anyone failing the test
