Working Memory (Chpt.4)

Question 1

Working memory

Answer 1

the ability to simultaneously store and process information is called working memory working memory plays a central role not just in language understanding, but also in most types of cognitive processing that you perform on a daily basis

Question 2

Short-term memory

Answer 2

memory refers to the memory system that is responsible for holding onto a small amount of information that has been recently taken in from the environment

Question 3

Long term memory

Answer 3

has a large capacity and contains your memory for experiences and information that have accumulated throughout your lifetime

Question 4

Chunk

Answer 4

A chunk is a memory unit that consists of several components that are strongly associated with one another seven chunks

Question 5

Brown/Peterson and Peterson technique

Answer 5

Involves presenting participants with some items that they are instructed to remember. Participants then perform a distracting task. After spending some time on the distracting task, participants are then asked to recall the original items

Numbers are not similar to letters

Question 6

Rehearsal

Answer 6

repeating the items silently

Question 7

Recency effect

Answer 7

recall for items at the end of the list

Question 8

Primacy effect

Answer 8

with enhanced recall for items at the beginning of the list

Question 9

Proactive Interference (PI)

Answer 9

means that people have trouble learning new material because previously learned material keeps interfering with their new learning.

Question 10

Atkinson and Shiffrin information processing approach

Answer 10

one approach to cognition, arguing that our mental processes are similar to the operations of a computer and information progresses through our cognitive system in a series of stages one step at a time.

Question 11

Atkinson and Shiffrin Model

Answer 11

proposed that memory involves a sequence of seperate steps. In each step, information is transferred from one storage area to another

Question 12

Sensory memory

Answer 12

is a storage system that records information from each of the senses with reasonable accuracy

Question 13

Control processes

Answer 13

which are intentional strategies such as rehearsal that people may use to improve their memory

Question 14

Working memory

Answer 14

is the brief, immediate memory for the limited amount of material that you are currently processing part of working memory also actively coordinates your ongoing mental activities

Question 15

Working memory approach by Baddley

Answer 15

Model:

central executive, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, phonological loop, long term memory

Question 16

Phonological loop

Answer 16

can process a limited number of sounds for a short period of time.The phenological loop processes language and other sounds that you hear, as well as the sounds that you make

Question 17

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Answer 17

is neuroscience technique that uses a magnetic field to briefly stimulate a specific location on the cortex no surgery or other invasive procedures are involved

Question 18

Visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 18

process both visual and spatial information

Question 19

Central Executive

Answer 19

integrates information form the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad, the episodie buffer, and long term memory. The central executive also plays a major role in focusing attention, selecting strategies, transforming information, and coordinating behavior. Responsible for suppressing irrelevant information

Question 20

Episodic Buffer

Answer 20

serves a temporary storehouse that can hold and combine information from phonological loop, your visuopath sketchpad, and long term memory

intergrating phonological loop, visuospatial sketch pad and long term

Question 21

Evidence against earlier models of STM

Answer 21

Phonemic repetitions do not guarantee LTM encoding

Question 22

Phonological loop and LTM recall

Answer 22

digitali span 7 numbers memory, recall of recently presented xxxxxx

Question 23

Visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 23

2 visuospatial sketch pad tasks, Brooks imagery task and

Question 24

Central Executive

Answer 24

active in coordinating phonological loop and visuo spatial sketch pad. attention processes ad planning, coordinating behavior suppressing irrelevant information
two central executive tasks-thinking about irrelevant info and writing random number

Question 25

Individual differences in WM capacity

Answer 25

Processing (5words) and storage (numbers) while he tested us

Question 26

Higher Working Memory predicts

Answer 26

success in guessing the meaning of the new words while reading a passage