Memory Strategies I: Memory Strategies Informed By Memory Concepts (Chpt. 6)

Question 1

Memory Strategy

Answer 1

You perform mental activities that can help to improve your encoding and retrival

Question 2

Levels of Processing/ Deeper Processing

Answer 2

recall information more accurately if you process it at a deep level rather than shallow level

Question 3

Elaboration

Answer 3

relate this concept to your prior knowledge and to interconnected concepts that you have already mastered

Question 4

Self-Reference

Answer 4

in which you enhance long term memory by relating the material to your own experiences

Question 5

Encoding-Specificity Principle

Answer 5

which states that recall is often better in the context at the time of encoding matches the context at the time when your retrieval will be tested

Question 6

Total time hypothesis

Answer 6

the amount of information that you learn depends on the total time you devote to learning

Question 7

Distributed practice effect

Answer 7

you will remember more material if you spread your learning trials over time

Question 8

Desirable difficulties

Answer 8

a learning situation that is somewhat challenging, but not too difficult

Question 9

Testing Effect

Answer 9

Being tested on material also increases memory for the material

Question 10

Mnemonics

Answer 10

are mental strategies designed to improve your memory

• interactive imagery remembering an image to a word/ linking different parts of a study list together
• keyword method an image related word keying each part of the study lost
• Method of loci imagine all parts of a list placed in a larger scene. A shopping list with items linked to doors, windows of an image of your house
• Organizing
• Chunking
• hierarchy (concept maps)

Question 11

Keyword Method

Answer 11

you identify an English word (the keyword) that sounds similar to the new word you want to learn. Then you create an image that links the keyword with the meaning of this new word.

Question 12

Organization

Answer 12

when people use mnemonics that involve organization they try to bring systematic order to the material they want to learn

Question 13

Chunking

Answer 13

in which we combine several small units into larger units is a basic organizational principle that eases the processing demands on working memory

Question 14

Hierarchy

Answer 14

is a system in which items are arranged in a series of classes from the most general classes to the most specific

ex.Genus Familia Kingdom of animals and plants

Question 15

First letter technique

Answer 15

you take the first letter of each word you want to remember and then you compose a word or a sentence from those letters

Question 16

Narrative technique

Answer 16

instructs people to make up stories that link a series of words together

Question 17

Retrospective memory

Answer 17

remembering information that you acquired in the past

Question 18

Prospective memory

Answer 18

remembering that you need to do something in the future

Question 19

External memory aid

Answer 19

any device external to yourself that facilitates your memory in some way ex. shopping list, a rubberband around wrist, ringing of an alarm clock

Question 20

Metacognition

Answer 20

refers to your knowledge and control of your cognitive process

includes mnemonics ( memory control strategies and metacognition ..)

Question 21

Self Knowledge

Answer 21

or what people believe about themselves

Question 22

Metamemory

Answer 22

a topic that refers to people’s knowledge, monitoring, and control of their memory

1) when they predict their accuracy an individual test items, rather than total scores
2) when they predict their accuracy after a delay, rather than immediately after seeing the items
3) One key way to do so is by spending more time studying the difficult topics.

Question 23

Tip of the tongue effect

Answer 23

describes your subjective experience of knowing the target word for which you are searching yet you cannot recall it right now

Question 24

Feeling of knowing effect

Answer 24

Describes the subjective experience of knowing some information but you cannot recall it right

Question 25

Tip of the finger effect

Answer 25

which refers to the subjective experience of knowing the target sign, but that sign is temporarily inaccessible

Question 26

Metacomprehension

Answer 26

refers to your thoughts about language comprehension

Improving metacomprehension is to read a passage, wait a few minutes, and then try to explain the passage to yourself without looking at the written passage