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Medical Terminology > words not built from word parts (12, 13, 14) > Flashcards

words not built from word parts (12, 13, 14) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

amblyopia

A

reduced vision in one eye caused by disuse or misuse associated with strabismus, unequal refractive errors, or otherwise impaired vision
aka lazy eye

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2
Q

anisometropia

A

significant unequal refractive error between two eyes

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3
Q

astigmatism (Ast)

A

blurred vision caused by irregular curvature of the cornea or lens

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4
Q

cataract

A

clouding of the lens of the eye

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5
Q

chalazion

A

non-infected obstruction of an oil gland of the eyelid

aka meibomian cyst

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6
Q

drusen

A

yellowish deposits located under the retina; commonly associated with aging and macular degeneration

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7
Q

glaucoma

A

eye disorder characterized by increase of intraocular pressure (IOP)

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8
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

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9
Q

hyphema

A

hemorrhage within the anterior chamber of the eye; most often caused by blunt trauma

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10
Q

macular degeneration

A

progressive deterioration of the portion of the retina called the macula, resulting in loss of central vision

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11
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

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12
Q

nyctalopia

A

poor vision at night or in faint light

aka night blindness

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13
Q

nystagmus

A

involuntary, jerking movements of the eyes

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14
Q

pinguecula

A

yellowish mass on the conjunctiva that may be related to long-term exposure to UV light, dry climates, and dust

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15
Q

presbyopia

A

impaired vision as a result of aging

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16
Q

pterygium

A

thin tissue growing onto the cornea from the conjunctiva, usually caused by sun exposure

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17
Q

retinal detachment

A

separation of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye

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18
Q

retinitis pigmentosa

A

hereditary, progressive disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes

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19
Q

strabismus

A

condition in which the eyes look in different directions; caused by dysfunction of the external eye muscles or an uncorrected refractive error (called cross-eyed when one eye turns in)

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20
Q

sty

A

infection of an oil gland of the eyelid

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21
Q

enuclation

A

surgical removal of the eyeball

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22
Q

LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis)

A

laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea to correct astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia

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23
Q

phacoemulsification (PHACO)

A

method to remove cataracts in which an ultrasonic needle probe breaks up the lens, which is then aspirated

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24
Q

photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)

A

procedure for the treatment of astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia in which an excimer laser is used to reshape the corneal surface by removing a portion of the cornea

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25
Q

retinal photocoagulation

A

intense beam of light from a laser condenses retinal tissue to seal leaking blood vessels, to destroy abnormal tissue or lesions, or to bond the retina to the back of the eye

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26
Q

scleral buckling

A

procedure to repair retinal detachment

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27
Q

emmetropia (Em)

A

normal refractive condition of the eye

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28
Q

intraocular lens (IOL)

A

artificial lens implanted within the eye during cataract surgery

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29
Q

miotic

A

agent that constricts the pupil

30
Q

mydriatic

A

agent that dilates the pupil

31
Q

optician

A

specialist who fills prescriptions for lenses (cannot prescribe lenses)

32
Q

optometrist

A

health professional who diagnoses, treats, and manages diseases and disorders of the eyes and visual processing system; doctor of optometry (OD)

33
Q

visual acuity (VA)

A

sharpness of vision for either distance or near

34
Q

acoustic membrane

A

benign tumor within the internal auditory canal growing from the acoustic nerve

35
Q

cholesteatoma

A

cystlike mass composed of epithelial cells and cholesterol occurring in the middle ear

36
Q

Meniere disease

A

chronic disease of the inner ear characterized by a sensation of spinning motion (vertigo), ringing in the ear (tinnitus), aural fullness, and fluctuating hearing loss

37
Q

otitis externa

A

inflammation of the outer ear

38
Q

otitis media (OM)

A

inflammation of the middle ear

39
Q

presbycusis

A

hearing impairment occurring with age

40
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing in the ears

41
Q

vertigo

A

sense that either one’s own body (subjective vertigo), or the environment (objective vertigo) is revolving; may indicate inner ear disease

42
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

form of arthritis that first affects the spine and adjacent structures –> causes forward bend of the spine
aka Strumpell-Marie arthritis or rheumatoid spondylitis

43
Q

bunion

A

abnormal prominence of the joint at the base of the great toe –> hereditary or poorly fitted shoes

44
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist caused by compression of the median nerve

45
Q

Colles fracture

A

type of wrist fracture at the distal end of the radius

46
Q

exostosis

A

abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone

aka spur

47
Q

fracture (Fx)

A

broken bone

48
Q

gout

A

disease in which an excessive amount of uric acid in the blood causes sodium urate crystals (tophi) to be deposited in the joints, producing arthritis

49
Q

herniated disk

A

rupture of the intervertebral disk cartilage, which allows the contents to protrude through it, putting pressure on spinal nerve roots
aka slipped disk , ruptured disk , herniated intervertebral disk, herniated nucleus pulposus

50
Q

Lyme disease

A

infection caused by a bite from a deer tick

51
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

52
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness and thought to be caused by a defect in the transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle cell

53
Q

osteoporosis

A

abnormal loss of bone density that may lead to an increase in fractures of the ribs, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, hips, and wrists after slight trauma

54
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of plantar fascia, connective tissue of the sole of the foot, due to repetitive injury; common cause of heel pain

55
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

chronic systemic disease characterized by autoimmune inflammatory chages in the connective tissue throughout the body

56
Q

spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the spinal canal with compression of nerve roots

57
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping of one vertebra over another

58
Q

chiropractic

A

system of treatment that consists of manipulation of the vertebral column

59
Q

chiropractor (DC)

A

specialist in chiropractic

60
Q

crepitus

A

crackling sensation heard or felt when two bones rub against each other or grating caused by the rubbing together of dry surfaces of a joint

61
Q

orthopedics (Ortho)

A

branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system

62
Q

orthotics

A

making and fitting of orthopedic appliances, such as arch supports, used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities

63
Q

orthotist

A

person who specializes in orthotics

64
Q

osteoclast

A

type of bone cell involved in absorption and removal of bone minerals

65
Q

osteopath (DO)

A

physician who specializes in osteopathy

66
Q

osteopathy

A

system of medicine that uses the usual forms of diagnosis and treatment but places greater emphasis on the relation between body organs and the musculoskeletal system

67
Q

podiatrist

A

specialist in treating and diagnosing diseases and disorders of the foot, including medical and surgical treatment

68
Q

prosthesis

A

artificial substitute for a missing body part such as a leg, eye, or hip replacement

69
Q

rheumatologist

A

physician who specializes in the study and treatment of rheumatic diseases

70
Q

rheumatology

A

study and treatment of rheumatic diseases

Medical Terminology (27 decks)

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