terms, anatomic structures (10, 11)

Question 1

heart

Answer 1

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, pumping action circulates blood throughout the body

Question 2

atrioventricular valves

Answer 2

consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves, which lie between the right atrium and right ventricle and left atrium and left ventricle. Valves of the heart keep blood flowing in one direction

Question 3

semilunar valves

Answer 3

pulmonary and aortic located between right ventricle and pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and aorta

Question 4

pericardium

Answer 4

two-layer sac surrounding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and internal serous layer

Question 5

epicardium

Answer 5

outer lining covering the hearth; also part of the pericardium

Question 6

myocardium

Answer 6

middle, thick, muscular layer of the heart

Question 7

endocardium

Answer 7

inner lining of the heart

Question 8

blood vessels

Answer 8

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

Question 9

arteries

Answer 9

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Question 10

arterioles

Answer 10

smallest arteries

Question 11

aorta

Answer 11

largest artery in the body

Question 12

veins

Answer 12

blood vessels that carry blood to the heart

Question 13

venules

Answer 13

smallest veins

Question 14

venae cavae

Answer 14

largest veins in the body

Question 15

capillaries

Answer 15

microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules

Question 16

blood

Answer 16

fluid circulated through the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins; composed of plasma and formed elements

Question 17

plasma

Answer 17

clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended (90% water)

Question 18

serum

Answer 18

clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot as formed

Question 19

erythrocytes

Answer 19

red blood cells that carry oxygen, develop in bone marrow

Question 20

leukocytes

Answer 20

white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation–> there are 5 types of WBC

Question 21

thrombocytes

Answer 21

one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process (aka platelets)

Question 22

lymph

Answer 22

transparent, colorless, tissue fluid; contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one-way direction to the heart

Question 23

lymphatic vessels

Answer 23

transport lymph from body tissues into the right and left subclavian veins, which then empty into the superior vena cava –> provide a one-way flow for lymph

Question 24

lymph nodes

Answer 24

small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue

Question 25

spleen

Answer 25

located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and diaphragm –> largest lympahtic organ in the body in adulthood

Question 26

thymus gland

Answer 26

one of the primary lymphatic organs, located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs

Question 27

mouth

Answer 27

opening through which food passes into the body

Question 28

tongue

Answer 28

consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth

Question 29

palate

Answer 29

separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Question 30

soft palate

Answer 30

posterior portion, not supported by bone

Question 31

hard palate

Answer 31

anterior portion, supported by bone

Question 32

uvula

Answer 32

soft V-shaped structure that extends from the soft palate, directs food into the throat

Question 33

pharynx

Answer 33

performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus (aka throat)

Question 34

esophagus

Answer 34

10-inch tube that is a passageway for food extending from the pharynx to the stomach

Question 35

stomach

Answer 35

j-shaped sac that mixes and stores food

Question 36

cardia

Answer 36

area around the opening of the esophagus

Question 37

fundus

Answer 37

proximal domed portion of the stomach

Question 38

body

Answer 38

central portion of the stomach

Question 39

antrum

Answer 39

distal portion of the stomach

Question 40

pylorus

Answer 40

portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine

Question 41

pyloric sphincter

Answer 41

ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and duodenum

Question 42

small intestine

Answer 42

20-foot tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine

Question 43

duodenum

Answer 43

first 10-12 in of small intestine

Question 44

jejunum

Answer 44

second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 ft

Question 45

ileum

Answer 45

third portion of the small intestine, approx 11 ft which connects with the large intestine

Question 46

large intestine

Answer 46

approx 5 ft long tube that extends from the ileum to the anus

Question 47

cecum

Answer 47

U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine

Question 48

colon

Answer 48

main portion of the large intestine: divided into 4 parts

Question 49

rectum

Answer 49

distal portion of the large intestine extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus

Question 50

anus

Answer 50

sphincter muscle at the end of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 51

salivary glands

Answer 51

produce saliva, which flows into the mouth

Question 52

liver

Answer 52

produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats

Question 53

bile ducts

Answer 53

passageways that carry bile

Question 54

gallbladder

Answer 54

small, saclike structure that stores bile produced by the liver

Question 55

pancreas

Answer 55

produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food; secretes insulin for carbohydrate metbolism

Question 56

peritoneum

Answer 56

serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 57

appendix

Answer 57

small pouch, which has no known function in digestion

Question 58

abdomen

Answer 58

portion of the body between the throax and pelvis