organs and structures (15, 16)

Question 1

brain

Answer 1

contained within the cranium, center for coordinating body activities

Question 2

cerebrum

Answer 2

largest portion of the brain, divided into left and right hemispheres

Question 3

ventricles

Answer 3

cavities within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 4

serebellum

Answer 4

located under the posterior portion of the cerebrum

Question 5

brainstem

Answer 5

stemlike portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord; contains centers that control respiration and heart rate

Question 6

pons

Answer 6

literally means bridge –> connects cerebrum with cerebellum and brainstem

Question 7

medulla oblongata

Answer 7

located between the pons and spinal cord

Question 8

midbrain

Answer 8

most superior portion of the brainstem

Question 9

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 9

clear, colorless fluid contained in the ventricles that flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord

Question 10

spinal cord

Answer 10

passes through the vertebral canal extending from the medulla oblongata to the level of the second lumbar vertebra

Question 11

meninges

Answer 11

three layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

dura mater

Answer 12

though other layer of the meninges

Question 13

arachnoid

Answer 13

delicate middle layer of the meninges

Question 14

pia mater

Answer 14

thin inner layer of the meninges

Question 15

nerve

Answer 15

cordlike structure made up of fibers that carries impulses from one part of the body to another

Question 16

ganglion

Answer 16

group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system

Question 17

glia

Answer 17

specialized cells that support and nourish nervous tissue

Question 18

neuron

Answer 18

nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses to carry out the function of the nervous system

Question 19

pituitary gland

Answer 19

approximately the size of a pea and located at the base of the brain

Question 20

anterior lobe

Answer 20

produces and secretes hormones

Question 21

growth hormone (GH)

Answer 21

regulates the growth of the body

Question 22

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 22

stimulates the adrenal cortex

Question 23

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 23

stimulates the thyroid gland

Question 24

gonadotropic hormones

Answer 24

stimulate the gonads –> follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone released from adenohypophysis

Question 25

prolactin (PRL)

Answer 25

promotes development of glandular tissue during pregnancy and produces milk after birth of an infant

Question 26

posterior lobe

Answer 26

stores and releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin (aka neurohypophysis)

Question 27

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 27

stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water and constricts blood vessels to help maintain blood pressure

Question 28

oxytocin

Answer 28

stimulates uterine contractions during labor and postpartum, and milk let down by the breasts postpartum

Question 29

hypothalamus

Answer 29

located superior to the pituitary gland in the brain

Question 30

thyroid gland

Answer 30

largest endocrine gland, secretes hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine

Question 31

parathyroid glands

Answer 31

four small bodies embedded in the posterior aspect of the lobes of the thyroid gland

Question 32

islets of Langerhans

Answer 32

clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout the pancreas, made up of different cell types that secrete various hormones

Question 33

adrenal glands

Answer 33

paired glands, one of which is located superior to each kidney

Question 34

cortisol

Answer 34

secreted by the adrenal cortex, aids the body during stress by increasing glucose levels to provide energy

Question 35

aldosterone

Answer 35

secreted by the adrenal cortex

Question 36

epinephrine, norepinephrine

Answer 36

secreted by the adrenal medulla