WK11 L2 Cross-cultural psychology

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

shared rules that govern the behaviour of a group of people and enable members of that group to co-exist and survive

Question 2

Cultural shift

Answer 2

culture is dynamic-evolves slowly over time

Question 3

Enculturation

Answer 3

the process of absorbing and internalising the rules of one’s culture- includes both formal and informal, and conscious/unconscious processes

Question 4

high context cultures

Answer 4

close attention to non verbal signs to decode real meanings, or reading between the lines (typically asian cultures)

Question 5

low context cultures

Answer 5

interpret actions and words literally- nz and eurocentric

Question 6

Monochronic cultures- Edward hall

Answer 6

emphasis on punctuality, scheduling and preciseness- islanders and Maori

Question 7

polychronic cultures- Edward hall

Answer 7

view time as being more flexible- nz Europe and America

Question 8

Cultural display rules

Answer 8

appropriateness of displaying certain behaviours in particular social settings

Question 9

Interpersonal space

Answer 9

how close can people stand without getting uncomfortable

Question 10

Intimate space

Answer 10

close friends, partner and family

Question 11

social and consultative space

Answer 11

acquaintances and strangers

Question 12

Public spaces

Answer 12

impersonal attraction

Question 13

Conversational space

Answer 13

how close people stand when talking

Question 14

Two frameworks of cultural research/psych

Answer 14

Cross cultural psychologists and cultural psychologists

Question 15

Cross-cultural psychologists

Answer 15

compare similarities and differences in behaviour across different societies or cultures (universality)

Question 16

Cultural psychologists

Answer 16

study ways in which people are shaped by their culture (culture specific)

Question 17

2 approaches to understanding culture

Answer 17

Emic and Etic perspective

Question 18

Eric perspective- culture specific

Answer 18

focus on one cultural group and examines particular psychological aspects of that group- applies a theory to that culture and or builds a new theory

Question 19

Etic perspective- cross-cultural

Answer 19

involves the search for commonalities or differences across culture- Explores if a particular theory fits across different cultures

Question 20

Challenges of cross-cultural research methods

Answer 20

the problem of research methods, equivalent samples, interpreting results, researcher interpretation, sensitive issues

Question 21

Matched samples

Answer 21

ensure individuals from one culture reflect the same characteristics of individuals from another

Question 22

WEIRD knowledge

Answer 22

western, educated, industrialised, rich, democratic countries

Question 23

indigenous perspectives

Answer 23

development of psychologies anchored in world views, experiences and realities of indigenous peoples and led by indigenous peoples

Question 24

Personal identity

Answer 24

a sense of who we are as individuals- what we feel is unique about us

Question 25

Social identity

Answer 25

perception that we belong to a larger social group who possess similar attributes such as values, meanings and goals

Question 26

Cultural identity

Answer 26

an aspect of personal ID which evolves as the beliefs, values and behaviours of an individuals society or culture are absorbed, interpreted, adopted or rejected

Question 27

Ethnicity

Answer 27

people who share geographic, language, cultural and religious origins

Question 28

Ethnic identity

Answer 28

members of an ethnic group identity us and them in relation to aspects of shared culture, language or religion

Question 29

Settler colonialism

Answer 29

when settlers take over and remove indigenous peoples from their land

Question 30

Historical privilege

Answer 30

intergenerational wealth and property

Question 31

Race

Answer 31

Historical ways of differentiating between people based on observable visible features such as skin, colour or eye shape

Question 32

White lens

Answer 32

dominant expression of normative systems sources of power, understanding of power and privilege

Question 33

3 areas of whitness

Answer 33

knowledge systems, empowerment and cultural competence

Question 34

knowledge systems

Answer 34

those that are valued and devalued

Question 35

empowerment

Answer 35

who belongs in nz

Question 36

cultural competence

Answer 36

anti-racism practice

Question 37

Critical race theory

Answer 37

based on premise that race is not biological and instead is socially constructed

Question 38

Intersectionality

Answer 38

recognises how overlapping forms of privilege and marginalisation inform the different experiences of communities and ppl today

Question 39

Knowledge

Answer 39

general understandings of cultural differences, worldviews, impacts and ongoing effects of colonialism

Question 40

values

Answer 40

awareness of personal values and beliefs and their influence on interactions

Question 41

skills

Answer 41

high level reasoning skills enabling effective practice

Question 42

attributes

Answer 42

knowledge and appreciation of the impact of history and understanding the effects of power, privilege and racism

Question 43

Cultural safety

Answer 43

involves healthcare professionals delivering safe accessible and responsive healthcare in culturally appropriate ways that are free from racism

Question 44

Cultural justice

Answer 44

ensuring all facets of psych professions and discipline maintain a balance of justness and rightness for all groups