WK11 L2 Cross-cultural psychology Flashcards
Culture
shared rules that govern the behaviour of a group of people and enable members of that group to co-exist and survive
Cultural shift
culture is dynamic-evolves slowly over time
Enculturation
the process of absorbing and internalising the rules of one’s culture- includes both formal and informal, and conscious/unconscious processes
high context cultures
close attention to non verbal signs to decode real meanings, or reading between the lines (typically asian cultures)
low context cultures
interpret actions and words literally- nz and eurocentric
Monochronic cultures- Edward hall
emphasis on punctuality, scheduling and preciseness- islanders and Maori
polychronic cultures- Edward hall
view time as being more flexible- nz Europe and America
Cultural display rules
appropriateness of displaying certain behaviours in particular social settings
Interpersonal space
how close can people stand without getting uncomfortable
Intimate space
close friends, partner and family
social and consultative space
acquaintances and strangers
Public spaces
impersonal attraction
Conversational space
how close people stand when talking
Two frameworks of cultural research/psych
Cross cultural psychologists and cultural psychologists
Cross-cultural psychologists
compare similarities and differences in behaviour across different societies or cultures (universality)
Cultural psychologists
study ways in which people are shaped by their culture (culture specific)
2 approaches to understanding culture
Emic and Etic perspective
Eric perspective- culture specific
focus on one cultural group and examines particular psychological aspects of that group- applies a theory to that culture and or builds a new theory
Etic perspective- cross-cultural
involves the search for commonalities or differences across culture- Explores if a particular theory fits across different cultures
Challenges of cross-cultural research methods
the problem of research methods, equivalent samples, interpreting results, researcher interpretation, sensitive issues
Matched samples
ensure individuals from one culture reflect the same characteristics of individuals from another
WEIRD knowledge
western, educated, industrialised, rich, democratic countries
indigenous perspectives
development of psychologies anchored in world views, experiences and realities of indigenous peoples and led by indigenous peoples
Personal identity
a sense of who we are as individuals- what we feel is unique about us
Social identity
perception that we belong to a larger social group who possess similar attributes such as values, meanings and goals
Cultural identity
an aspect of personal ID which evolves as the beliefs, values and behaviours of an individuals society or culture are absorbed, interpreted, adopted or rejected
Ethnicity
people who share geographic, language, cultural and religious origins
Ethnic identity
members of an ethnic group identity us and them in relation to aspects of shared culture, language or religion
Settler colonialism
when settlers take over and remove indigenous peoples from their land
Historical privilege
intergenerational wealth and property
Race
Historical ways of differentiating between people based on observable visible features such as skin, colour or eye shape
White lens
dominant expression of normative systems sources of power, understanding of power and privilege
3 areas of whitness
knowledge systems, empowerment and cultural competence
knowledge systems
those that are valued and devalued
empowerment
who belongs in nz
cultural competence
anti-racism practice
Critical race theory
based on premise that race is not biological and instead is socially constructed
Intersectionality
recognises how overlapping forms of privilege and marginalisation inform the different experiences of communities and ppl today
Knowledge
general understandings of cultural differences, worldviews, impacts and ongoing effects of colonialism
values
awareness of personal values and beliefs and their influence on interactions
skills
high level reasoning skills enabling effective practice
attributes
knowledge and appreciation of the impact of history and understanding the effects of power, privilege and racism
Cultural safety
involves healthcare professionals delivering safe accessible and responsive healthcare in culturally appropriate ways that are free from racism
Cultural justice
ensuring all facets of psych professions and discipline maintain a balance of justness and rightness for all groups
