WK 9 L1 treatment of psychological disorders Flashcards
Clinical psychology
delivery of psychological services, generally related to mental health
Scientist practitioner model
underlies the training of psychologists in nz- 1) evidence supported treatment, 2) hypothesis testing clients
4 ethical principles of psychologists
- respect for the dignity of persons and people, 2. responsible caring, integrity of relationships, 4. social justice and responsibility to society
Psychological treatment approaches
psychodynamic, humanistic and biological therapies- CBT
Psychodynamic approach
created by Sigmund freud 19th can Vienna- mental symptoms reflect unconscious conflicts that include anxiety and the goal of therapy is to gain insight into these conflicts
Psychodynamic techniques
free association, interpretation, analysis of transference
Free association
patient is encouraged to say whatever come to mind, in order to reveal the unconscious processes of the patient
interpretation
therapist interprets the thoughts and feelings of the patient in order to reveal the hidden conflicts and motivations
Analysis of transference
patients bring into therapy, their past troubled reels- these are transferred onto the therapist
2 main forms of psychodynamic therapy
psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy
psychoanalysis
patient lies on couch with therapist seated behind them- patients are encouraged to free associate
psychodynamic psychotherapy
patient and therapist are face to face, techniques used are more goal directed than those used in psychoanalysis
Humanistic therapy
focus on the way in which individuals consciously experience the self, relationships and the world- e.g gestalt therapy and client centred therapy
Gestalt therapy
fritz and Laura perlt 1940 US- focus on here and now rather than past- goal is integration of the whole mind and body, living with awareness and taking responsibility for actions
Client-centred therapy
carl rogers 1960s US- helps clients accept the difference between their ideal self and their actual experiences through the use of unconditional positive regard
Group therapy
participants explore their own issues in the context of group processes 5-10
Family therapy
aim is to change maladaptive family interaction patterns
Genograms
assessment technique used to map family dynamics over 3 or 4 generations
Structural family therapy
aims to disrupt dysfunctional patterns, may involve paradoxical instructions- attends to boundaries and alliances
Behavioural family therapy
functional analysis of problem behaviours
DBT family skills
validation, dialectics and behaviour change
Couples therapy
focuses on smaller unit of the family
Gottman method
increasing positive interactions- emotion focused couples therapy
Cognitive behaviour therapies
use methods derived from behaviourist and cognitive approaches to learning- therapists are more directive
Classical conditioning techniques
focus on associations formed between neutral stimuli and emotions
Response prevention
key feature of exposure techniques- preventing individual from producing responses that allow avoidance of the feared stimulus
Systematic desensitisation
patient gradually confronts an imagined fear inducing stimulus while in a state that inhibits anxiety
flooding
confront phobic stimulus all at once
graded exposure
modification to flooding- where patient is gradually exposed to phobic stimulation
Virtual reality
patient exposed to virtual images of the feared stimulus
Operant conditioning
assume that behaviour continues because it is reinforced in some way by consequences
Modelling
learning appropriate behavioural responses through the observations of others
skills training
teaching the behaviours nessecary to accomplish relevant goals
mindfulness practices
involve directing attention to present moment with acceptance and no judgement
Acceptance and commitment vtherapy
focuses on changing reel’s with thoughts and encouraging people to behave in ways that align with their values
Cognitive therapy
focus is on changing dysfunctional thought patterns (automatic thoughts)
Ellis rational emotive therapy
focuses on the irrational thought patterns of the patients ( rational thinking is the key to eliminating symptoms)
Beck cognitive therapy
focuses on challenging patients cognitive distortions- evaluating the evidence for the thoughts, identifying more balanced thoughts resulting in change in emotions and behaviour
Biological treatments
arise from the view that psych disorders reflect pathology of the brain- bio treatments are though to restore normal brain functioning
example of bio treatments
pharmacotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, psychosurgery
Psychotropic meds
drugs that act on the brain to alter mental functions
Antipsychotic meds
inhibit dopamine which has been implicated in the positive symptoms of schizo
side effect of antipsychotic meds
Tardive dyskinesia- involuntary movements
Antidepressant meds
reduce depression by correcting for the depletion of norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapses
Tryclic antidepressants
block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
Monamine oxidase inhibitors
allow the neurotransmitter to work for longer periods
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
block the reuptake of seronin
Anti-anxiety meds
Benzodiazepines e.g valium, Xanax and diazepam
Benzodiazepines
increase activity of the neurotransmitter GABA to dampen the neural activity of the brain
Electroconvulsive therapy
intentional induction of a brain seizure by shock, administered to either or both hemispheres
side effects of electroconvulsive therapy
memory loss
Psychosurgery
intentional damage of the brain to alter behaviour
Pharamacotherapy cons
high relapse rates, pills don’t build skills
Psychotherapy- the efficacy of specific therapy
people who enter psychotherapy do better than those who don’t
Efficacy studies
assess treatment outcomes under controlled experimental conditions
effectiveness studies
assess treatments as practiced by clinicians
Psychotherapy integration
most psychs use elements from multiple therapy orientations
Eclectic psychotherapy
where clinicians combine techniques from diff approaches to fit the particular client
Integrative psychotherapy
where clinicians choose elements from diff approaches to develop their own unique approach to treatment
