wk 7: blood, lymph, and immune system Flashcards
1
Q
functions of blood
A
- maintains body’s homeostasis
- transport nutrients, vitamins, and minerals
- transports waste products
- transports hormones
- transports gases
- protect against foreign substances
- forms clots
2
Q
white blood cells can be categorized into…
A
granulocytes or agranulocytes
3
Q
leuk/o-
A
R/CF: white
4
Q
erythr/o-
A
R/CF: red
5
Q
fibr/o-
A
R/CF: fiber
6
Q
-blast
A
S: immature cell
7
Q
-stasis
A
S: control, stop
8
Q
hem/o-
A
R/CF: blood
9
Q
thromb/o-
A
R/CF: blood clot
10
Q
antigens
A
a substance capable of triggering an immune response
*loc: surface of RBCs
11
Q
loc: antibodies
A
in the plasma
12
Q
antigens can be categorized into what two groups?
A
ABO and Rh
13
Q
a person with only antigen A has…
A
type A blood
14
Q
a person with only antigen B has…
A
type B blood
15
Q
a person with both antigen A and antigen B has…
A
type AB blood
16
Q
a person with neither antigen has…
A
type O blood
17
Q
which blood type is known as the universal donor?
A
type O blood
18
Q
if an Rh antigen is present, the blood is said to be…
A
Rh-positive
19
Q
anti-
A
P: against
20
Q
-gen
A
R: produce, create
21
Q
-body
A
R: substance, body
22
Q
Rhesus factor
A
Greek: mythical king of Thrace
23
Q
what are the body’s three lines of defense?
A
- physical
- humoral
- cellular
24
Q
physical defense mechanism examples?
A
- skin
- hair
- mucous membranes
- saliva, sweat, & tears
- cilia & mucus
25
humoral defense mechanism examples?
antibodies
- tag bacteria, etc for destruction
26
cellular defense mechanism examples?
lymphocytes
- directly attack suspicious cells
27
what are the functions of the lymphatic system?
- absorbs excess interstitial fluid & return it to the bloodstream
- remove foreign chemicals, cells, and debris from tissues
- absorb dietary lipids from the small intestine
28
T lymphocytes
"T" for thymus: location of where these cells develop and mature
- 75% - 85% of body lymphocytes
29
B lymphocytes
- mature in bone marrow
- 15-25% of lymphocytes
- become plasma cells to produce antibodies
30
what is the largest lymphatic organ? where is it located?
the spleen
*loc: LUQ of abdomen; below the diaphragm and lateral to the kidney
31
what are the functions of the spleen?
- phagocytose (consume) foreign material
- phagocytose old RBCs and platelets
- initiate an immune response
- serve as a reservoir for RBCs and platelets
32
the thymus is Greek for...
sweetbread
33
how does immunity differ from the physical and cellular mechanisms?
- specificity: directed against a specific pathogen
- memory: can recognize a previous pathogen and is prepared to act against it
- discrimination: learns to recognize "self" b/w "nonself" (foreign)
34
what is immunity?
the ability to resist a specific infectious diseases
35
cellular (cell-mediated) immunity
-a direct form of defense
- attack and destroy foreign and diseased cells
36
humoral (anttibody-mediated) immunity
- an indirect form of definition
- employs antibodies produced by plasma cells (tag to destroy)
37
-lysis
S: destruction
38
-lyt-
R: destroy
39
per-
P: through
40
ag- (ad-)
P: to
41
-glutin-
R: stick
42
palor
Latin: paleness
43
-nici-
R: lethal
44
a normal cubic mm of blood contains _____ WBCs
5,000 to 10,000
45
in leukocytosis, the total WBC count exceeds...
101,000 per cubic mm
46
what conditions can increase the WBC count beyond its normal range?
- allergic reactions (+ # of eosinophils)
- typhoid fever, maleria, TB (+ # of monocytes)
- bacterial infections (+ # of lymphocytes)
47
leukemia
- cancer of blood forming tissues
- leukemic cells multiply and take over the bone marrow causing a deficiency in RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
48
leokopenia
WBC count drops below 5,000 cells per cubic mm
49
pancytopenia
noteably reduced RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
50
hypersensitivity includes:
- allergies
- autoimmune disorders
- alloimmune disorders
51
allergies
reaction to environmnetal antigens
52
autoimmune disorders
abnormal reactions to your own tissues
53
alloimmune disorders
reactions to tissues transplanted from another person
54
what three categories can immunodeficiency be classified into?
- congenital (inborn) disorders
- immunosuppression
- acquired immunodeficiency
55
HIV
56
AIDS
57
coagul/o-
R/CF: clotting
58
occult
Latin: to hide
59
par-
P: abnormal
60
-enter-
R: intestine
61
Hct
hematocrit
62
Ig
immunoglobin
63
DIFF
differential
64
EBV
epstein-Barr virus (kissing diseases/infectious mononucleosis)
65
PMNLs
polymorphonuclear leukocytes/neutrophils
66
hemostasis
control of bleeding
67
agglutin/o-
R/CF: clumping
68
granul/o-
R/CF: granules
69
hem/o
R/CF: blood
70
phag/o-
R/CF: eat. swallow
71
