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SC.SM-- AP & MT > wk 7: blood, lymph, and immune system > Flashcards

wk 7: blood, lymph, and immune system Flashcards

1
Q

functions of blood

A
  • maintains body’s homeostasis
  • transport nutrients, vitamins, and minerals
  • transports waste products
  • transports hormones
  • transports gases
  • protect against foreign substances
  • forms clots
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2
Q

white blood cells can be categorized into…

A

granulocytes or agranulocytes

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3
Q

leuk/o-

A

R/CF: white

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4
Q

erythr/o-

A

R/CF: red

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5
Q

fibr/o-

A

R/CF: fiber

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6
Q

-blast

A

S: immature cell

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7
Q

-stasis

A

S: control, stop

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8
Q

hem/o-

A

R/CF: blood

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9
Q

thromb/o-

A

R/CF: blood clot

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10
Q

antigens

A

a substance capable of triggering an immune response
*loc: surface of RBCs

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11
Q

loc: antibodies

A

in the plasma

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12
Q

antigens can be categorized into what two groups?

A

ABO and Rh

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13
Q

a person with only antigen A has…

A

type A blood

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14
Q

a person with only antigen B has…

A

type B blood

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15
Q

a person with both antigen A and antigen B has…

A

type AB blood

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16
Q

a person with neither antigen has…

A

type O blood

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17
Q

which blood type is known as the universal donor?

A

type O blood

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18
Q

if an Rh antigen is present, the blood is said to be…

A

Rh-positive

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19
Q

anti-

A

P: against

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20
Q

-gen

A

R: produce, create

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21
Q

-body

A

R: substance, body

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22
Q

Rhesus factor

A

Greek: mythical king of Thrace

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23
Q

what are the body’s three lines of defense?

A
  • physical
  • humoral
  • cellular
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24
Q

physical defense mechanism examples?

A
  • skin
  • hair
  • mucous membranes
  • saliva, sweat, & tears
  • cilia & mucus
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25
Q

humoral defense mechanism examples?

A

antibodies
- tag bacteria, etc for destruction

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26
Q

cellular defense mechanism examples?

A

lymphocytes
- directly attack suspicious cells

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27
Q

what are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  • absorbs excess interstitial fluid & return it to the bloodstream
  • remove foreign chemicals, cells, and debris from tissues
  • absorb dietary lipids from the small intestine
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28
Q

T lymphocytes

A

“T” for thymus: location of where these cells develop and mature
- 75% - 85% of body lymphocytes

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29
Q

B lymphocytes

A
  • mature in bone marrow
  • 15-25% of lymphocytes
  • become plasma cells to produce antibodies
30
Q

what is the largest lymphatic organ? where is it located?

A

the spleen
*loc: LUQ of abdomen; below the diaphragm and lateral to the kidney

31
Q

what are the functions of the spleen?

A
  • phagocytose (consume) foreign material
  • phagocytose old RBCs and platelets
  • initiate an immune response
  • serve as a reservoir for RBCs and platelets
32
Q

the thymus is Greek for…

A

sweetbread

33
Q

how does immunity differ from the physical and cellular mechanisms?

A
  • specificity: directed against a specific pathogen
  • memory: can recognize a previous pathogen and is prepared to act against it
  • discrimination: learns to recognize “self” b/w “nonself” (foreign)
34
Q

what is immunity?

A

the ability to resist a specific infectious diseases

35
Q

cellular (cell-mediated) immunity

A

-a direct form of defense
- attack and destroy foreign and diseased cells

36
Q

humoral (anttibody-mediated) immunity

A
  • an indirect form of definition
  • employs antibodies produced by plasma cells (tag to destroy)
37
Q

-lysis

A

S: destruction

38
Q

-lyt-

A

R: destroy

39
Q

per-

A

P: through

40
Q

ag- (ad-)

A

P: to

41
Q

-glutin-

A

R: stick

42
Q

palor

A

Latin: paleness

43
Q

-nici-

A

R: lethal

44
Q

a normal cubic mm of blood contains _____ WBCs

A

5,000 to 10,000

45
Q

in leukocytosis, the total WBC count exceeds…

A

101,000 per cubic mm

46
Q

what conditions can increase the WBC count beyond its normal range?

A
  • allergic reactions (+ # of eosinophils)
  • typhoid fever, maleria, TB (+ # of monocytes)
  • bacterial infections (+ # of lymphocytes)
47
Q

leukemia

A
  • cancer of blood forming tissues
  • leukemic cells multiply and take over the bone marrow causing a deficiency in RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
48
Q

leokopenia

A

WBC count drops below 5,000 cells per cubic mm

49
Q

pancytopenia

A

noteably reduced RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.

50
Q

hypersensitivity includes:

A
  • allergies
  • autoimmune disorders
  • alloimmune disorders
51
Q

allergies

A

reaction to environmnetal antigens

52
Q

autoimmune disorders

A

abnormal reactions to your own tissues

53
Q

alloimmune disorders

A

reactions to tissues transplanted from another person

54
Q

what three categories can immunodeficiency be classified into?

A
  • congenital (inborn) disorders
  • immunosuppression
  • acquired immunodeficiency
55
Q

HIV

A
56
Q

AIDS

A
57
Q

coagul/o-

A

R/CF: clotting

58
Q

occult

A

Latin: to hide

59
Q

par-

A

P: abnormal

60
Q

-enter-

A

R: intestine

61
Q

Hct

A

hematocrit

62
Q

Ig

A

immunoglobin

63
Q

DIFF

A

differential

64
Q

EBV

A

epstein-Barr virus (kissing diseases/infectious mononucleosis)

65
Q

PMNLs

A

polymorphonuclear leukocytes/neutrophils

66
Q

hemostasis

A

control of bleeding

67
Q

agglutin/o-

A

R/CF: clumping

68
Q

granul/o-

A

R/CF: granules

69
Q

hem/o

A

R/CF: blood

70
Q

phag/o-

A

R/CF: eat. swallow

71
Q
A

SC.SM-- AP & MT (11 decks)

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