wk 2: skeletal system Flashcards
what are the bones of the axial skeleton?
head, neck, and trunk
*does not incl. girdle bones
scoliosis
abnormal lateral curve of spine
kyphosis
hunchback
lordosis
excessive inward curve of lumbar spine
which bones make up the shoulder girdle?
- scapula
- clavicle
which bones make up the pelvic girdle?
- ilium (“hand on hip)
- ischium (“butt bone”)
- pubis (joins hib bones tg)
what are the classifications of bones?
- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
- sesamoid
list some examples of long bones.
- femur
- ulna
- humerus
list some examples of short bones.
- carpals
- tarsals
list some examples of flat bones.
- ribs
- ilium
- cranial
list some examples of irregular bones
vertebrae
list some examples of sesamoid bones.
patella
what are the types of cartilage?
- hyaline
- elastic
- firbrocartilage
what is the function of hyaline cartilage? where can they be located?
what is the function of elastic cartilage? where can they be located?
what is the function of firbocartilage? where can they be located?
osteoblast
cell that builds new bone
osteoclast
cell that breaks down bone
endochondral ossification
- happens in long bones
- uses cartilage to grow longer from growth plate
intramembranous ossification
- process of how flat bones are formed
fractures
osteoarthritis
- inflammation of bones and joints
- causes painful bone spurs because of friction
rheumatoid arthritis
- autoimmune inflammation of the joint
x-ray
DEXA
- dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
- measures bone density
osteoporosis
loss of bone density
osteopenia
low bone density
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone muscle (infection)
osteosarcoma
bone cancer
chondrosarcoma
cartilage cancer
gout
uric acid buildup in joints
cleft palate
- birth defect
- opening or split in the roof of the mouth
mastoiditis
- inflammation of the mastoid process
- usually caused by a middle ear infection
