wk 6: cardiovascular system Flashcards
where is the heart located?
within the mediastinum, between the lungs. it sits towards the left side of the body.
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
ECG
electrocardiogram
CVT
cardiovascular technician
EKG
electrocardiogram
DOB
difficulty of breathing
cardi-
R: heart
electr-
R: electricity
pulmon-
R: lung
thorac-
R: chest
deconstruct: endocardium
P: endo- (within)
R: cardi- (heart)
S: -ium (structure
deconstruct: myocardium
R: my/o- (muscle)
R: cardi- (heart)
S: -ium (structure)
ischemia is…
not enough blood or oxygen
define: atrium
entrance
define: ventricle
define: septum
divides the left and right atrium/ventricles
define: bicuspid
a valve between the left atrium into the left ventricle.
deconstruct: interatrial
P: inter- (between)
R: -atri- (atrium)
S: -al (pertaining to)
deconstruct: interventricular
P: inter- (between)
R: -ventricul- (ventricle)
S: -ar (pertaining to)
deconstruct: semilunar
P: semi- (half)
R: -lun- (moon)
S: -ar (pertaining to)
AV
atrioventricular
IV
interventricular
O2
oxygen
CO2
carbon dioxide
define: systole
define: diastole
define: stethoscope
instrument used to measure the heartbeat
define: murmur
an abnormal heartbeat
what do the ‘PQRST’ waves represent in the ECG?
P: atria contraction
QRS: ventricular contraction
T: repolarization (recovery)
difference? atrial and ventricular
atrial: higher chambers of the heart
ventricular: lower chambers of the heart
difference? sinus rhythm and arrhythmia
sinus rhythm: normal heartbeat
arrhythmia: abnormal heart rhythms
why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right?
the left is thicker to be able to pump blood to the aorta and eventually the rest of the body (besides the lungs).
difference? systole and diastole
systole: contraction
diastole: relaxation/rest
difference? bradycardia and tachycardia
bradycardia: slow heart rate < 60 bpm
tachycardia: fast heart rate > 100 bpm
what are common arrhythmias:
- premature beats
- atrial fibrillation
- ventricular tachycardia
- ventricular arrhythmia
- heart block
- palpitations
AED
automatic external defibrillator
define: palpitation
unpleasant sensation of a rapid heartbeat
define: cardioversion
restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electric shock
define: fibrillation
uncontrolled quivering of heart muscle
ICD
implantable cardioverter/defibrillator
A-fib
atrial fibrillation
V-fib
ventricular fibrillation
V-tach
ventricular tachycardia
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
define: stenosis
a heart valve malfx;
define: incompetence
a heart valve malfx;
cor pulmonate
right ventricle dysfunction
what is the relation between pericarditis and tamponade?
what is the relation between incompetence, insufficiency, and regurgitate?
what is coronary artery disease? list some examples.
what are the risk factors for coronary heart disease?
- hereditary
- age
- obesity
- lack of exercise
- tobacco
- diabetes
- stress
- high blood pressure
CAD
coronary heart disease
ASHD
arteriosclerotic heart disease
MI
myocardial infarction
PNB
pulseless non-breather
PEA
pulseless electrical activity
difference? occlude and perfuse
difference? sublingual and substernal
difference? arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis
hypertension
high blood pressure
P: hyper- (high)
R: -tens- (pressure)
S: -ion (process)
hypotension
low blood pressure
prehypertension
ASD
atrial septal defect
VSD
ventricular septal defect
CHD
congenital heart disease
CHF
congestive heart failure
Hg
mercury
HTTN
hypertension
PDA
patent ductus arteriosus
SOB
shortness of breath
TOF
tetralogy of Fallot
*
difference? HDL and LDL
HDL: good cholesterol
LDL: bad cholesterol (always be under 100)
ech/o-
sound
thromb/o
blood clot
scler/o
hardening
arteri/o
artery
idi/o
unknown
angi/o
blood vessel
ven/o
vein
-gram
recording
-plasty
surgical repair
-ize
action
-ous
pertaining to
-tic
pertaining to
-ide
particular quantity
artery
delivers oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
vein
returns deoxygenated blood to the heart
angiogram
venogram
pulmonary circulation
s.v.c & i.v.c –> r. atrium –> tricuspid valve –> r. ventricle –> pulmonary valve –> pulmonary artery –> lungs
systemic circulation
pulmonary veins –> l. atrium –> bicuspid valve –> l. ventricle –> aortic valve –> aorta –> systemic circulation
what are the functions of the circulatory system?
- transport
- maintain homeostasis
- regulate bp
disorders of veins: thrombophlebitis
inflammation of the lining of the veins
disorders of veins: DVT
deep vein thrombosis;
disorders of veins: varicose veins
superficial dilation of veins
What is known in the conduction system of the heart as the electrical gateway to the ventricles?
atrioventricular node
Intravenous drug users and people with damaged heart valves are at high risk for what disorder of the heart’s lining?
Endocarditis
A condition of the heart valves where the heart valve cannot close fully, which allows blood to leak or flow back through the valve to the heart chamber from which it came, is called:
insufficiency
Atrial fibrillation
Occurs when the two atria quiver rather than contract correctly to pump blood
Ventricular tachycardia
Rapid heartbeat occurring in the ventricles
Premature ventricular contractions
Results when extra impulses arise from a ventricle
Ventricular fibrillation
Occurs when ventricles lose control, quivering instead of pumping
What is a heart valve malfunction that occurs because the valve cannot open fully due to the opening being narrowed?
Stenosis
Hypovolemia
decreased blood volume in the body
What is included in a lipid profile blood test that helps determine the risk of CAD?
- Low-density lipoprotein
- High-density lipoprotein
- Total cholesterol
- Triglycerides
What artery is commonly used to measure blood pressure?
Brachial
An instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure is called a(n):
sphygmomanometer.
The “bad cholesterol” is called…
LDL or low-density lipoprotein
The “good cholesterol” is called…
HDL or high-density lipoprotein
Electrocardiogram
Paper record of the electrical signals of the heart
Cardiac stress test
Exercise tolerance test that raises heart rate through exercise and monitors its effect on cardiac function
Echocardiography
Ultrasound waves to study cardiac function
Cardiac catheterization
A thin tube is inserted into a vein or artery and is then threaded into the heart under X-ray guidance
Coronary angiogram
Uses a contrast dye injected during cardiac catheterization to identify coronary artery blockages
Restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electric shock or medications is termed:
cardioversion
The term that means producing increased blood pressure is:
pressor
What is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension?
The cause of primary hypertension is unknown; secondary hypertension results from other diseases.
What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?
A thrombus is a clot attached to a diseased blood vessel; an embolus is a detached clot traveling through the bloodstream.
hematocrit
percentage of RBCs to the whole blood.
