wk 6: cardiovascular system Flashcards
1
Q
where is the heart located?
A
within the mediastinum, between the lungs. it sits towards the left side of the body.
2
Q
CPR
A
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
2
Q
ECG
A
electrocardiogram
2
Q
CVT
A
cardiovascular technician
3
Q
EKG
A
electrocardiogram
4
Q
DOB
A
difficulty of breathing
5
Q
cardi-
A
R: heart
6
Q
electr-
A
R: electricity
7
Q
pulmon-
A
R: lung
8
Q
thorac-
A
R: chest
9
Q
deconstruct: endocardium
A
P: endo- (within)
R: cardi- (heart)
S: -ium (structure
10
Q
deconstruct: myocardium
A
R: my/o- (muscle)
R: cardi- (heart)
S: -ium (structure)
11
Q
ischemia is…
A
not enough blood or oxygen
12
Q
define: atrium
A
entrance
13
Q
define: ventricle
A
14
Q
define: septum
A
divides the left and right atrium/ventricles
15
Q
define: bicuspid
A
a valve between the left atrium into the left ventricle.
16
Q
deconstruct: interatrial
A
P: inter- (between)
R: -atri- (atrium)
S: -al (pertaining to)
17
Q
deconstruct: interventricular
A
P: inter- (between)
R: -ventricul- (ventricle)
S: -ar (pertaining to)
18
Q
deconstruct: semilunar
A
P: semi- (half)
R: -lun- (moon)
S: -ar (pertaining to)
19
Q
AV
A
atrioventricular
20
Q
IV
A
interventricular
21
Q
O2
A
oxygen
22
Q
CO2
A
carbon dioxide
23
define: systole
24
define: diastole
25
define: stethoscope
instrument used to measure the heartbeat
26
define: murmur
an abnormal heartbeat
27
what do the 'PQRST' waves represent in the ECG?
P: atria contraction
QRS: ventricular contraction
T: repolarization (recovery)
28
difference? atrial and ventricular
atrial: higher chambers of the heart
ventricular: lower chambers of the heart
29
difference? sinus rhythm and arrhythmia
sinus rhythm: normal heartbeat
arrhythmia: abnormal heart rhythms
29
why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right?
the left is thicker to be able to pump blood to the aorta and eventually the rest of the body (besides the lungs).
30
difference? systole and diastole
systole: contraction
diastole: relaxation/rest
30
difference? bradycardia and tachycardia
bradycardia: slow heart rate < 60 bpm
tachycardia: fast heart rate > 100 bpm
31
what are common arrhythmias:
1. premature beats
2. atrial fibrillation
3. ventricular tachycardia
4. ventricular arrhythmia
5. heart block
6. palpitations
32
AED
automatic external defibrillator
33
define: palpitation
unpleasant sensation of a rapid heartbeat
34
define: cardioversion
restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electric shock
35
define: fibrillation
uncontrolled quivering of heart muscle
36
ICD
implantable cardioverter/defibrillator
37
A-fib
atrial fibrillation
38
V-fib
ventricular fibrillation
39
V-tach
ventricular tachycardia
40
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
41
define: stenosis
a heart valve malfx;
42
define: incompetence
a heart valve malfx;
43
cor pulmonate
right ventricle dysfunction
44
what is the relation between pericarditis and tamponade?
45
what is the relation between incompetence, insufficiency, and regurgitate?
46
what is coronary artery disease? list some examples.
47
what are the risk factors for coronary heart disease?
- hereditary
- age
- obesity
- lack of exercise
- tobacco
- diabetes
- stress
- high blood pressure
48
CAD
coronary heart disease
49
ASHD
arteriosclerotic heart disease
50
MI
myocardial infarction
51
PNB
pulseless non-breather
52
PEA
pulseless electrical activity
53
difference? occlude and perfuse
54
difference? sublingual and substernal
55
difference? arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis
56
hypertension
high blood pressure
P: hyper- (high)
R: -tens- (pressure)
S: -ion (process)
57
hypotension
low blood pressure
58
prehypertension
59
ASD
atrial septal defect
60
VSD
ventricular septal defect
61
CHD
congenital heart disease
62
CHF
congestive heart failure
63
Hg
mercury
64
HTTN
hypertension
65
PDA
patent ductus arteriosus
66
SOB
shortness of breath
67
TOF
tetralogy of Fallot
*
68
difference? HDL and LDL
HDL: good cholesterol
LDL: bad cholesterol (always be under 100)
69
ech/o-
sound
70
thromb/o
blood clot
71
scler/o
hardening
72
arteri/o
artery
73
idi/o
unknown
74
angi/o
blood vessel
75
ven/o
vein
76
-gram
recording
77
-plasty
surgical repair
78
-ize
action
79
-ous
pertaining to
80
-tic
pertaining to
81
-ide
particular quantity
82
artery
delivers oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
83
vein
returns deoxygenated blood to the heart
84
angiogram
85
venogram
86
pulmonary circulation
s.v.c & i.v.c --> r. atrium --> tricuspid valve --> r. ventricle --> pulmonary valve --> pulmonary artery --> lungs
87
systemic circulation
pulmonary veins --> l. atrium --> bicuspid valve --> l. ventricle --> aortic valve --> aorta --> systemic circulation
88
what are the functions of the circulatory system?
- transport
- maintain homeostasis
- regulate bp
89
disorders of veins: thrombophlebitis
inflammation of the lining of the veins
90
disorders of veins: DVT
deep vein thrombosis;
91
disorders of veins: varicose veins
superficial dilation of veins
92
What is known in the conduction system of the heart as the electrical gateway to the ventricles?
atrioventricular node
93
Intravenous drug users and people with damaged heart valves are at high risk for what disorder of the heart's lining?
Endocarditis
94
A condition of the heart valves where the heart valve cannot close fully, which allows blood to leak or flow back through the valve to the heart chamber from which it came, is called:
insufficiency
95
Atrial fibrillation
Occurs when the two atria quiver rather than contract correctly to pump blood
96
Ventricular tachycardia
Rapid heartbeat occurring in the ventricles
97
Premature ventricular contractions
Results when extra impulses arise from a ventricle
98
Ventricular fibrillation
Occurs when ventricles lose control, quivering instead of pumping
99
What is a heart valve malfunction that occurs because the valve cannot open fully due to the opening being narrowed?
Stenosis
100
Hypovolemia
decreased blood volume in the body
101
What is included in a lipid profile blood test that helps determine the risk of CAD?
- Low-density lipoprotein
- High-density lipoprotein
- Total cholesterol
- Triglycerides
102
What artery is commonly used to measure blood pressure?
Brachial
103
An instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure is called a(n):
sphygmomanometer.
104
The "bad cholesterol" is called...
LDL or low-density lipoprotein
105
The "good cholesterol" is called...
HDL or high-density lipoprotein
106
Electrocardiogram
Paper record of the electrical signals of the heart
107
Cardiac stress test
Exercise tolerance test that raises heart rate through exercise and monitors its effect on cardiac function
108
Echocardiography
Ultrasound waves to study cardiac function
109
Cardiac catheterization
A thin tube is inserted into a vein or artery and is then threaded into the heart under X-ray guidance
110
Coronary angiogram
Uses a contrast dye injected during cardiac catheterization to identify coronary artery blockages
111
Restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electric shock or medications is termed:
cardioversion
112
The term that means producing increased blood pressure is:
pressor
113
What is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension?
The cause of primary hypertension is unknown; secondary hypertension results from other diseases.
114
What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?
A thrombus is a clot attached to a diseased blood vessel; an embolus is a detached clot traveling through the bloodstream.
115
hematocrit
percentage of RBCs to the whole blood.
116
