urinary system Flashcards
azot/o-
R/CF: nitrogen
cyst/o-
R/CF: urinary bladder
glomerul/o-
R/CF: glomerulus
nephr/o-
R/CF: kidney
pyel/o-
R/CF: renal pelvis
ren/o-
R/CF: kidney
ur/o-
R/CF: urinary tract, urine
ureter/o-
R/CF: ureter
urethr/o-
R/CF: urethra
what are the nitrogenous wastes that the kidneys filter from blood?
- ammonia
- urea
- uric acid
- creatinine
what are the nitrogenous wastes broken down from?
- ammonia: amino acids
- urea: proteins
- uric acid: nucleic acids
- creatinine: creatine phosphate
fx: kidneys
- vitamin D synthesis
- prod. erythropoietin
- regulate blood volume, BP, blood concentration of solutes
loc: kidneys
retroperitoneal (behind parietal peritoneum).
- extend fr. T11 - L3.
when the abdominal organs have been pushed aside, what specific membrane must be pierced to acess the kidney?
parietal peritoneum
structure: kidneys
- 3 layers:
- renal capsule
- renal cortex
- renal medulla
what is a nephron?
- produce urine
blood flow to a nephron
renal artery –> smaller arteries –> afferent arteriole –> glomerulus –> efferent arteriole –> peritbular capillaries –> venules –> larger veins –> renal vein
what is the 3 step process for filtration?
- filtration
- reabsorption
- secretion
filtration step
- b/w glomerulus and glomerular capsucle
- thin capillary walls of glomreulus filters molecules
reabsorption step
- 100% of glucose, amino acids, and vari. of mineral salts are actively transported from tubules to capillaries
- 99% of water filtered into glomerular capsule is reabsorbed by osmosis into the bloodstream
secretion step
- nephron removes remaining waste
- materials move fr. peritubular capillaries –> tubules
respiratory acidosis
respiratory system can eliminate suffiecient CO2
metabolic acidosis
decreased kidney elimination of H ions or an increased prod. of acidic subsrtances through metabolism
what system fix the imbalance during acidosis?
- respiratory: + hyperventilation
- excretory: + secretion of excess H ions
- restore normal blood pH.
the body is ___ to ___ water
50 - 75%
65% of water is in:
the other 35% is in:
- cytoplasm of cells
- tissue fluid, blood plasma, lymph, CSF, synovial fluid, humors, bile, serous fluid
what solute is very important in the regulation of urine volume?
sodium & potassium
what three hormones regulate urine production?
- ADH
- aldosterone
- ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone)
ADH
aldosterone
ANH
- ## atrial natriuretic hormone
list three diuretics and their impact.
- alcohol: inhibit ADH (lead to dehydration and thirst)
- caffeine: + blood flow to kidney –> + glomerular filtration rate; - Na reabsorbed
- diuretic drugs: inhibit active transport of Na
fx: ureters
carry urine from renal pelvis –> bladder
fx: urnary bladder
stores urine until its release
fx: urethra
carries urine fr. bladder to the outside
micturition
passing of urine
fx: excretory system
- remove metabolic wastes
- maintain body fluid & electrolyte
- maintain acid-base balance
- regulate BP
cystitis
inflammation of urnary bladder
hydronephrosis
buildup of urine in the kidney
kidney stone
calcium or uric acid form stones in renal pelvis
BUN
- blood urea nitrogen
- clear nitrogenous waste from blood
azotemia
renal insufficiency
uremia
when does the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete renin?
- Na in blood is too low
- hypotension
- K in blood is too high
