WK 4 Learning 2 Flashcards
Cognitive element to classical conditioning
occurs when animal learns to set up an expectation
How does CR form?
- Contiguity theory
- Contingency theory
Contiguity theory
when 2 stimuli are presented together in time, associations form
Contingency theory
CS predicts occurence of US
Contingency (predictability) depends on
-reliability
-uniqueness
of CS-US pairing
Excitatory conditioning
relative likelihood of something (food) occuring given that something else did
Inhibitory conditioning
relative likelihood of something (food) NOT occuring given that something did
Factors that affect acquisition of CR besides the theories are
- sequence of CS-US presentation
- strength of US
- number of CS-US pairing
- Belongingness
4 types of sequence of CS-US presentation
- delayed conditioning (straight after)
- trace conditioning (gap)
- simultaneous conditioning
- backward (US before CS)
Opponent-process theory of acquired motivation
an emotional stimulus creates an initial response that is followed by adaptation, then opposite response when withdrawn
Primary affective response (a-process)
habituates
After-reaction (b-process)
strengthens
Repeated exposure to stimulus
pattern changes, elicits 2 competing responses
- Primary affective response (a-process)
- After-reaction (b-process)
What type of theory is Opponent-process theory
Homeostatic:
assumes neurophysiological mechanisms involved in emotional behaviour serve to maintain emotional stability
Opponent process
- disturb homeostasis (a-process)
- compensatory response (b-process)
- back to baseline
- observed response (state)
