WK 2 History and Methods of Psych 2

Question 1

Scientific thinking

Answer 1

willingness to:

• be openminded
• accept claims based on reliable scientific evidence

Question 2

Principles of scientific thinking

Answer 2

1. extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence
2. claims must be testable
3. Occam’s Razor (2 explanations equal, prefer simpler one)
4. Must be replicable
5. Exclude rival hypothesis (may be an alternate reason)
6. Correlation is not necessarily causation

Question 3

Influential Approaches

Answer 3

• Structuralism
• Functionalism
• Behaviourism
• Cognitivism
• Psychodynamic

Question 4

Structuralism

Answer 4

analysis of mind in terms of its basic elements of consciousness: sensations

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

adaptive purpose of thoughts, feelings, and behaviour

Question 6

Behaviourism

Answer 6

environmental control through learning (Pavlovian conditioning, Thorndike’s law of effect, Watson inner conscious not observable, Skinner operant conditioning)

Question 7

Cognitivism

Answer 7

mental processes (perception, memory, and judgement)

Question 8

Psychodynamic

Answer 8

internal drives and conflicts that shape relationship between conscious and unconscious