WK 11 Biological Bases 1 Flashcards
Superior vs inferior
s= towards head i= towards feet
Anterior vs posterior (image e.g.)
a=front of body
p=back of body
Dorsal vs ventral (image e.g.)
d=back (horizontal) or top (vertical)
v=abdominal (horizontal) or bottom (vertical)
Brain anatomical planes
- sagittal section
- transverse section
- coronal section
sagittal section
between eyes
transverse section
horizontal
coronal section
through ear
neuroaxis
perceived line through centre of the nervous system
Nervous system
- PNS
- CNS (brain and spinal cord)
PNS
everything outside of brain and spinal cord:
- somatic
- autonomic
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
Somatic nervous system
voluntary, receives sensory input and delivers motor/muscle output
Somatic nervous system:
peripheral nerves
areas that join CNS (from top to bottom):
- cranial
- cervical
- thoracic
- lumbar
- sacral
- coccygeal
Somatic nervous system:
lobes of cerebrum (cortex)
- frontal (primary motor cortex)
- temporal
- parietal (somatosensory cortex)
- occipital
Somatic nervous system:
brain receives sensory info at … then processed, producing motor output from …
somatosensory cortex and primary motor cortex
Autonomic nervous system
involuntary. sympathetic and parasympathetic both usually active but change intensity as need arises, parallel systems that work in opposition to each other
Autonomic nervous system:
sypathetic
extends form thoracic and lumbar spine (middle)
Autonomic nervous system:
parasympathetic
extends from cranium and sacral spine (top and bottom)
Parts of NS
- tract: set of axons within CNS
- nerve: set of axons in PNS
- nucleus: cluster of neuron cell bodies within CNS
- ganglion: cluster of neuron cell bodies usually outside of CNS
Frontal lobe function
planning of movements, recent memory, some emotion
Brocas area- converts thoughts of words into muscle movement
Temporal lobe function
primary organisation of sensory input
Parietal lobe function
deals with touch, pain and taste
Occipital lobe function
form the centers of visual perception
subcortical areas of forebrain
- basal ganglia: movement and decision-making
- limbic system: olfactory info
- hippocampus: memory loss is removed (antrograde- after removal, partial retrograde- before removal)
midbrain and hindbrain
m=motivated behaviours, movement
h=homeostasis of blood pressure, heart rate and breathing
cerebellum ‘little brain’
smooth movement and coordination, procedural memory
