WK 11 Biological Bases 1

Question 1

Superior vs inferior

Answer 1

s= towards head
i= towards feet

Question 2

Anterior vs posterior (image e.g.)

Answer 2

a=front of body

p=back of body

Question 3

Dorsal vs ventral (image e.g.)

Answer 3

d=back (horizontal) or top (vertical)

v=abdominal (horizontal) or bottom (vertical)

Question 4

Brain anatomical planes

Answer 4

• sagittal section
• transverse section
• coronal section

Question 5

sagittal section

Answer 5

between eyes

Question 6

transverse section

Answer 6

horizontal

Question 7

coronal section

Answer 7

through ear

Question 8

neuroaxis

Answer 8

perceived line through centre of the nervous system

Question 9

Nervous system

Answer 9

• PNS

- CNS (brain and spinal cord)

Question 10

PNS

Answer 10

everything outside of brain and spinal cord:

• somatic
• autonomic
• sympathetic
• parasympathetic

Question 11

Somatic nervous system

Answer 11

voluntary, receives sensory input and delivers motor/muscle output

Question 12

Somatic nervous system:

peripheral nerves

Answer 12

areas that join CNS (from top to bottom):

• cranial
• cervical
• thoracic
• lumbar
• sacral
• coccygeal

Question 13

Somatic nervous system:

lobes of cerebrum (cortex)

Answer 13

• frontal (primary motor cortex)
• temporal
• parietal (somatosensory cortex)
• occipital

Question 14

Somatic nervous system:

brain receives sensory info at … then processed, producing motor output from …

Answer 14

somatosensory cortex and primary motor cortex

Question 15

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

involuntary. sympathetic and parasympathetic both usually active but change intensity as need arises, parallel systems that work in opposition to each other

Question 16

Autonomic nervous system:

sypathetic

Answer 16

extends form thoracic and lumbar spine (middle)

Question 17

Autonomic nervous system:

parasympathetic

Answer 17

extends from cranium and sacral spine (top and bottom)

Question 18

Parts of NS

Answer 18

• tract: set of axons within CNS
• nerve: set of axons in PNS
• nucleus: cluster of neuron cell bodies within CNS
• ganglion: cluster of neuron cell bodies usually outside of CNS

Question 19

Frontal lobe function

Answer 19

planning of movements, recent memory, some emotion

Brocas area- converts thoughts of words into muscle movement

Question 20

Temporal lobe function

Answer 20

primary organisation of sensory input

Question 21

Parietal lobe function

Answer 21

deals with touch, pain and taste

Question 22

Occipital lobe function

Answer 22

form the centers of visual perception

Question 23

subcortical areas of forebrain

Answer 23

• basal ganglia: movement and decision-making
• limbic system: olfactory info
• hippocampus: memory loss is removed (antrograde- after removal, partial retrograde- before removal)

Question 24

midbrain and hindbrain

Answer 24

m=motivated behaviours, movement

h=homeostasis of blood pressure, heart rate and breathing

Question 25

cerebellum ‘little brain’

Answer 25

smooth movement and coordination, procedural memory