Winogradsky Column

Question 1

are present in many types of environments and
play significant roles in the ecosystem dating back at least 3.5 million years from the
formation of life on Earth.

what domains

Answer 1

bacteria and archaea

Question 2

functional groups of domain bacteria and archaea

Answer 2

oxygenic
anoxygenic phototrophs
chemoautotrophs
litothrohs

Question 3

Winogradsky Column named after

Answer 3

Sergei Winogradsky

Question 4

Father of Soil Microbiology

Answer 4

Sergei winogradsky

Question 5

label of A

Answer 5

shredded papper

Question 6

B bottle

Answer 6

raw egg yoldk

Question 7

C-D

Answer 7

paper and egg yolk

Question 8

E

Answer 8

plain mud

Question 9

add one ___(compacted) of shredded paper;

Answer 9

teaspoon

Question 10

___of raw egg yolk

Answer 10

1/3

Question 11

Place Bottle___in a dark cabinet, while the four other bottles near a very
sunny window where there is less disturbance. Avoid direct sunlight

Answer 11

plain mud

Question 12

2. How do you think adding newspaper and egg yolk will affect the microbes that grow in the Winogradsky column?

Answer 12

Adding newspaper and egg yolk to a Winogradsky column can introduce new nutrients and alter the microbial community dynamics within the column.

Question 13

consists of cellulose, which serves as a carbon source for certain microorganisms

Answer 13

newspaper

Question 14

organisms that can break down the cellulose into simpler sugars that other microbes can utilize

Answer 14

Clostridium and Cellulomona

Question 15

is rich in lipids (fats) and proteins.

Answer 15

egg yolk

Question 16

The lipids can promote the growth of lipid-degrading microorganisms, such as

Answer 16

pseudomonas
bacillus

Question 17

The proteins in the egg yolk can be broken down by proteolytic bacteria, such as

Answer 17

proteus
bacteroides

Question 18

3. How does sunlight affect the growth of microorganisms in the Winogradsky column? What will be the difference when the column is not exposed to sunlight?

Answer 18

Sunlight plays a significant role in the growth and development of microorganisms within a Winogradsky column, primarily through its effects on photosynthetic bacteria and the overall microbial ecosystem.

Question 19

without sunlight, this can happen (3)

Answer 19

Reduced Photosynthesis
Altered Microbial Composition
Lower Metabolic Activity

Question 20

typical color layers in a winogradsky column

Answer 20

green
red/purple
brown
black
white
pink

Question 21

green layer is for

Answer 21

Green Sulfur Bacteria (e.g., Chlorobium species)

Question 22

These bacteria perform photosynthesis using sulfur compounds, giving them a greenish color.

Answer 22

green sulfur bacteria

Question 23

red/purple layer is for

Answer 23

purple sulfur bacteria e.g., Chromatium species) and Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria (e.g., Rhodobacter species)

Question 24

These bacteria also perform photosynthesis but utilize different sulfur or organic compounds, resulting in red or purple pigmentation.

Answer 24

purple sulfur bacteria

Question 25

brown layer is for

Answer 25

Iron-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Gallionella species)

Question 26

These bacteria oxidize iron, leading to the formation of brownish ferric iron compounds

Answer 26

iron oxidizing layer

Question 27

black layer is for

Answer 27

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (e.g., Desulfovibrio species)

Question 28

These bacteria reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, which reacts with iron to form black iron sulfide precipitates.

Answer 28

sulfate reducing bacteria

Question 29

white layer is for

Answer 29

sulfur oxiziding bacteria (e.g., Beggiatoa species)

Question 30

These bacteria oxidize sulfur compounds, often forming white sulfur deposits.

Answer 30

sulfur oxizding bacteria (beggiatoia)

Question 31

pink layer is for

Answer 31

Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., Rhodospirillum species)

Question 32

hese bacteria perform photosynthesis without producing oxygen, often resulting in pink or reddish coloration.

Answer 32

anoxygenic photosnthesis