why was apartheid collapsing by 1989

Question 1

1985

Answer 1

Jan - Botha offered to free Mandela if her ‘unconditionally’ rejected violence as a political instrument

Question 2

Security forces

Answer 2

began to enlist unemployed, illiterate blacks to help destroy the organisations, like the UDF and ANC

Question 3

Botha announced

Answer 3

in Jan 1986 that SA had ‘outgrown the outdated concept of Apartheid’

Question 4

Botha’s changes

Answer 4

pass laws were replaced and influx control ended

Question 5

Botha launched

Answer 5

raids on ANC bases in Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe

Question 6

US sanctions

Answer 6

became mandatory in Oct 1986 - led to 50% fall in American investments in the country

Question 7

ANC and UDF

Answer 7

attempted to ‘render the country ungovernable’

Question 8

increased strikes

Answer 8

1985 - 680,000 working days lost

1987 - over a million lost

Question 9

1988

Answer 9

COSATU launched the largest strike in SA history - 70% agreed to strike

Question 10

bombing

Answer 10

rose from 45 in 1984 to 281 in 1988

Question 11

Civilian Cooperation Bureau

Answer 11

established in 1987

sought to eliminate those identified as enemies of the state

Question 12

Angola

Answer 12

SA forces retreated south to avoid loss of equipment and likely defeat

outnumbered by Cuban troops

Question 13

1988 Angola

Answer 13

Aug - Botha withdrew from Angola and began negotiations for Namibia’s independence

Question 14

cost of imports

Answer 14

rose by 60% in 1986-7

Question 15

unable to borrow

Answer 15

from international banks, SA used by almost half its foreign exchange reserve in 14 months

Question 16

end of 1980s

Answer 16

the value of the Rand plummetted