international opposition in 60s+70s Flashcards
civil war
in Angola and Mozambique
created an unstable nature as Africa decolonised around SA
fear of communism
the US feared that SA could become communist which would those their investments in minerals
SA also a route for oil from the ME
Russian control of SA
if Russia gained control of SA they would take advantage of the West
they would be able to damage their industrial and technological supremacy
sanctions
artists refusing to perform
cutting trade links
refusing sporting fixtures
refusing educational links
sanctions designed to
affect the lives of ordinary people who could pressure their government to changes
UN
condemned SA in 1952
expelled in 1974
UN proposed in
1962 to impose tough economic sanctions but Britain, Germany, USA and Japan all continued to trade
SA profitable
for foreign investors
contained Minerals, Diamonds, Gold
Mulder
Vorster’s right-hand man
given £40 million to win friends in BR, USA, JP
paid magazines
Muldergate scandal result
Vorster had to resign
British opposition
student protests in London
British PM opposed Verwoerd’s apartheid- MacMillan “winds of change” speech
sports sanction significance
SA was considered “sports mad” so by banning sport they were denying mainly white south Africans the focal point of cultural identity
rugby
became an important battleground for anti-apartheid movement around the world
after 1970
almost every south African sport had been isolated from all levels of international competition
Springbok rugby tour
1969-70
strongest opposition came from the political left saying that “apartheid is not a game”
IDAF
an organisation that smuggled £100 million into SA for the defence of thousands of political prisoners
British boycotts
many people in Br refused to buy SA fruit and wine
students boycotted barclays as they were heavily involved in SA
SA dependent on
trade to sell its minerals
only a third of its farmland receives enough rain to grow crops easily
1946
India ended trade and diplomatic relations with SA
1973
OPEC stopped selling fuel to SA
by 1986 Botha admitted that it was costly the economy $25 billion
UN ban on selling
military equipment to SA led them to forge links with Chile and Israel who sold them military arms
the sanctions on arms probably contributed to the SA Defence Force defeat at the battle of Cuito-Cuanavale in Angola in 87-88
Western banks
called in their loans in 1985
SA had to pay back $13 billion by Dec
the economy collapsed, lost 35% value of the rand in 13 days
500 companies pulled out
including coca-cola, barclays and General Motors
1980s sanctions
cut exports by 13% - a serious but not devastating blow
1989-92
SA GDP went down 3% every year
