the 1980s Flashcards
Botha and Vorster
in 1978 Botha took over from Vorster
botha realised
that some apartheid laws could not be enforced for economic reasons
black workers
flooding into the towns couldn’t be stopped because the industry needed them
bantu education
meant that there was a shortage fo skilled workers
botha’s twin policy
he used more force to keep the violence under control
he also tried to reform apartheid, but had no intention of giving it up
trade unions
black trade unions were made legal in 1978
botha hoped the government would be able to control them
1984
the National Union of Mineworkers called the first legal strike
they wanted a pay increase
constitutional change
1983 gave votes to Indians and coloureds
whites could veto decisions
UDF
united democratic front
brought together 600 anti-apartheid organisations
mixed marriage
were permitted in 1985
Group Areas Act banned them from living together in white areas
Bishop Tutu
1975 became first black dean of the Anglican Church in Johannesburg
became general secretary of the SA Council of Churches and bitterly attacked apartheid
Nobel Peace Prize
Tutu won in 1984
he accepted on behalf of ‘all those people whose noses are rubbed in the dust every day’
1980
black rules ends in Zimbabwe
made it easier for the ANC to increase its armed struggle
1981
ANC launched over 80 armed attacks against mostly government buildings and industry- aim to affect white homes and businesses
SA government
helped groups fighting against the new governments in Angola and Mozambique
ANC and government
the ANC couldn’t beat them as the army had 55,000 full time and 35,000 part time
people started to make the country ungovernable
blacks killed
between Sept 1984 and Jan 1986 280 blacks were killed by security forces
blacks killing blacks
number rose to 327 as some were collaborating with the government
crossroads
1985
100,000 in the illegal squatter town
Feb 1985
the people in crossroads were going to evicted again, so built barricades of concrete and burning tyres
fighting continued for a year, leaving 1000 dead
summer of 1985
25th anniversary of Sharpville
July- state of emergency declared and again in June 1986
law and order
was disappearing fast in 1986
black on black violence increased and necklacing increased
botha introduced
a state of emergyency due to the economic turmoil, disorder and international pressure
1985
police and army
could detain indefinitely without trial
25000 UDF members were arrested
deaths in detention
1984 - just under 200
1986 - just under 1300
