Why are hormones important? - Compendium 10

Question 1

What are the main organs of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Gonads (ovaries or testes)

Question 2

Describe the structure of the pituitary gland

Answer 2

It is a 2 part gland with a stalk reaching through the middle:

Posterior pituitary (Nervous)
Anterior pituitary (Glandular)

Infundibulum

Question 3

What is a hormone?

Answer 3

Your body’s chemical messengers

Question 4

How do hormones work to control homeostasis?

Answer 4

Through positive and negative feedback loops

Question 5

Describe the process of negative feedback and give an example

Answer 5

Stress
Hypothalamus releases hormones
Pituitary gland releases hormones
Hits another gland or effector and opposite effect of stressor happens
Hypothalamus stops producing hormones

Question 6

Describe the process of positive feedback and give and example

Answer 6

Stress
Hypothalamus releases hormones
Pituitary gland releases hormones
Hits gland or effector and triggers more release of hormones
Hypothalamus continues producing hormones until a large change happens

Question 7

What hormones are released from the anterior pituitary?

Answer 7

1. Growth hormone
2. Thyroid stimulating hormone
3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
4. Melanocyte stimulating hormone
5. Luteinizing hormone
6. Follicle stimulating hormone
7. Prolactin

Question 8

What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?

Answer 8

This does not make hormones.

However, it releases
ADH (Anti diuretic hormone)
Oxytocin

Question 9

How does the nervous system influence the endocrine system and vice versa

Answer 9

The endocrine and nervous systems communicate with each other through the hypothalamus, which controls basic drives such as hunger and thirst. The hypothalamus also regulates the pituitary gland, which governs the release of hormones by the body’s other glands.

Question 10

Pituitary gland main function

Answer 10

Master gland (produces and releases several hormones)

Question 11

Hypothalamus main function (hormones)

Answer 11

CNS controller (regulates the anterior pituitary and makes ADH and Oxytocin)

Question 12

Pineal gland

Answer 12

(sleep and wake cycle)

Question 13

Thyroid

Answer 13

Stress and growth

Question 14

Parathyroid

Answer 14

Bone metabolism

Question 15

Thymus

Answer 15

Immune system

Question 16

Adrenal gland

Answer 16

Produces adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 17

Pancreas

Answer 17

Makes insulin for sugar metabolism

Question 18

Gonads

Answer 18

Sperm and oocyte production