How do we control ourselves? - Compendium 8 Flashcards
Why do we need a nervous system and what is its function?
The nervous system is the communication system of the human body. We need it in order to perform any major functions. It receives sensory input, integrates information, sends a motor output, maintains homeostasis, establishes and maintains mental activity
What is the difference between the CNS and the PNS?
CNS is Brain and spinal cord, controls what happens with sensory input
PNS is Sensory system, gathers information and sends it to the CNS
What are the different roles of the somatic, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems
Somatic
- Voluntary and under conscious control
- Skeletal muscles
Autonomic
- Involuntary and under subconscious control
- Cardiac muscles and glands’
Enteric
- Involuntary and under subconscious control
- Digestive system
What are the 3 parts of a neuron?
Dendrite
Axon
Neuron cell body (Soma)
What are the differences between sensory, motor and interneurons?
Sensory neurons detect internal and external stimuli and transport to the CNS
Motor neurons transmit from the CNS to the effector (muscle/gland)
Interneurons are the interconnections between sensory and motor neurons.
What are the different neuroglial cells in the PNS and CNS?
CNS
- Astrocytes
- Ependymal cells
- Microglial cells
- Ogliodentrocytes
PNS
- Schwann cells
- Satellite cells
What is meant by the term resting membrane potential?
The difference in charge across the cell membrane in a resting cell
What are the charges (voltage) either side of the cell membrane in a resting cell?
Inside is negative
Outside is positive
What changes occur in the RMP (resting membrane potential) when a neuron is stimulated?
The membrane potential increases to 20mV and then drops back down to -70mV
Why is there a difference in the conduction velocity of a myelinated cell compared to an unmyelinated one?
The myelinated cell transfers the charge almost instantaneously between the unmyelinated gaps allowing for quicker movement
What occurs at the synapse?
Electrical to chemical to electrical signal transfer
What are the main parts of the reflex arc?
Sensory receptor Sensory neuron Interneuron Motor neuron Effector organ
What is the difference between reflex and reaction?
Reaction ascends the spinal cord to the brain allowing for decision making
Reflex does not ascend the spinal cord and is instead an involuntary response to a stimulus.
