How does it all work? - Compendium 9 Flashcards
What are the major parts of the brain?
Cerebrum Diencephalon Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata Cerebellum
What are the main lobes, sulci and gyri of the cerebrum?
Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Insula
Sulci are grooves of the brain
Gyri is the elevated tissue or folds
What connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
What advantage to convolutions give the cerebrum?
They increase the surface area of the brain to allow for more neurons, which will increase the functionality of the brain
How do white matter and grey matter differ?
Grey matter is considered the cell body and dendrites of the neuron
White matter is myelinated and unmyelinated axons
What are the roles of the thalamus and hypothalamus?
Thalamus
- sensory relay center
- regulated moods and strong emotions
Hypothalamus
- Main control centre of the body
- Maintains homeostasis via endocrine system
What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?
Mid brain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
What are the roles of the Midbrain
Generating unconscious movements of the head.
Eye movement
What are the roles of the pons
Sleep and respiratory centre
Bridge to the brain
What are the roles of the medulla oblongata?
Automatic reflex centre
Maintains homeostasis
Contraction of the heart, respiratory centre
Motor and sensory communication
What information does the cerebellum receive and how does it use this information?
Controls posture, locomotion and fine motor control. Planning and practising more complex movements. Controls balance and posture of the body. Eye movements.
Receives information from the brain stem and cerebrum.
Where does the spinal cord begin and end in adults?
Spinal cord starts in the foramen magnum of the skull (hole in the base of the skull)
Extends until 2nd lumbar vertebrae
Where do sensory and motor nerve roots enter and leave the spinal cord?
Sensory enter at the dorsal root
Motor nerves enter and leave via the ventral root
What are the divisions of the ANS and where do they emerge from the CNS?
Sympathetic cell bodies are found from T1 to L2
Brainstem Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X S2 to S4
Distinguish between somatic motor and autonomic motor neuron pathways
Somatic is 1 neuron system
-Ventral horns
Autonomic is 2 neuron system
- Lateral horns, autonomic ganglion
- 1 preganglionic neuron, 1 postganglionic neuron
