Are you what you eat? - Compendium 3

Question 1

Lis the major parts of the digestive system

Answer 1

Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestines

Question 2

List the basic histological layers of the digestive tract

Answer 2

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa / Adventitia

Question 3

List the accessory organs

Answer 3

Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder

Question 4

State what contribution the liver gallbladder and pancreas make to digestion

Answer 4

Creation of bile to neutralise stomach acids and emulsify lipids

Question 5

Explain the difference between digestion and absorption

Answer 5

Digestion is the breakdown of food, absorption is the uptake of nutrients from that broken down food

Question 6

Describe carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Answer 6

6. Carbs lipids and proteins are macromolecules.
   a. Carbs are made from monosaccharides (sugars)
   b. Lipids are molecules insoluble to water. They’re made of glycerol and fatty acids
   c. Proteins are made from amino acids

Question 7

Have an understanding of the relative recommended amounts of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

Answer 7

a. Carbs 45-65%
b. Lipids 20-35%
c. Protein 10-35%

Question 8

List the basic building blocs of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

Answer 8

a. Carbs: monosaccharides
b. Protein: Chains of amino acids
c. Lipids: Trygliceride (glycerol + 3 fatty acids)

Question 9

Distinguish between vitamins minerals and state why they are needed in the body

Answer 9

a. Vitamins are organic molecules in very small quantities in food: needed for metabolism and normal body function
b. Minerals are inorganic nutrients: normal function, mechanical strength to bones and teeth, membrane potential and action potentials

Question 10

Describe the function of enzymes within the body

Answer 10

Enzymes are a catalyst primarily used for speeding up digestion

Question 11

What are the stages of digestion?

Answer 11

ingestion and mastication
propulsion and mixing
secretion
digestion
absorption
elimination

Question 12

How are the products of digestion absorbed and where do they go?

Answer 12

They are absorbed through the villi and microvilli lining in the small intestines and are taken to the bloodstream to distribute to cells.

Question 13

What are the accessory organs of the digestive tract?

Answer 13

salivary glands
gallbladder
pancreas
liver