Are you what you eat? - Compendium 3 Flashcards
Lis the major parts of the digestive system
Oral Cavity Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestines
List the basic histological layers of the digestive tract
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa / Adventitia
List the accessory organs
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
State what contribution the liver gallbladder and pancreas make to digestion
Creation of bile to neutralise stomach acids and emulsify lipids
Explain the difference between digestion and absorption
Digestion is the breakdown of food, absorption is the uptake of nutrients from that broken down food
Describe carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
- Carbs lipids and proteins are macromolecules.
a. Carbs are made from monosaccharides (sugars)
b. Lipids are molecules insoluble to water. They’re made of glycerol and fatty acids
c. Proteins are made from amino acids
Have an understanding of the relative recommended amounts of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
a. Carbs 45-65%
b. Lipids 20-35%
c. Protein 10-35%
List the basic building blocs of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
a. Carbs: monosaccharides
b. Protein: Chains of amino acids
c. Lipids: Trygliceride (glycerol + 3 fatty acids)
Distinguish between vitamins minerals and state why they are needed in the body
a. Vitamins are organic molecules in very small quantities in food: needed for metabolism and normal body function
b. Minerals are inorganic nutrients: normal function, mechanical strength to bones and teeth, membrane potential and action potentials
Describe the function of enzymes within the body
Enzymes are a catalyst primarily used for speeding up digestion
What are the stages of digestion?
ingestion and mastication propulsion and mixing secretion digestion absorption elimination
How are the products of digestion absorbed and where do they go?
They are absorbed through the villi and microvilli lining in the small intestines and are taken to the bloodstream to distribute to cells.
What are the accessory organs of the digestive tract?
salivary glands
gallbladder
pancreas
liver