How do we protect ourselves? - Compendium 11 Flashcards
List the parts of the lymphatic system
Lymph Lymphatic vessels Lymphatic tissue Lymphatic nodules Lymph nodes Tonsils Spleen Thymus
Describe the main functions of the lymphatic system
Fluid Balance -
Fat Absorption
Defence
Differentiate between lymphatic nodules, nodes and organs
Lymphatic nodule - small, localized collection of lymphoid tissue
Lymph node - is the only structure to filter lymph
Spleen - monitors blood, responds to foreign antigens
Thymus - makes T cells
Tonsils - provide protection against bacterial etc.
Describe the different types of innate immunity
Physical Chemical Mediators Inflammation White Blood Cells Fever
Describe the different types of adaptive immunity
B cells - Creates antibodies to destroy antigens
T cells- Lyses cells with foreign antigens
Describe the role of antibodies
They attach to antigens and remove them from your body
Differentiate between primary and secondary antibody-mediated immune responses
A primary immune response is a response that occurs following the first exposure to a foreign antigen. (Slow and weak)
A secondary immune response occurs following subsequent exposures. (Fast and stronger)
Define active and passive immune mechanisms
Active = Immunity provided by the individual’s own immune system
Passive = Immunity transferred from another person or an animal
Why do we need a lymphatic system?
To maintain fluid levels and the optimal functioning of the immune system
What is the difference between the terms antigen and antibody?
Antigen = foreign substance
Antibody = protein to fight antigen (B cells)
An antigen is a foreign substance that enters your body. This can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, allergens, venom and other various toxins. An antibody is a protein produced by your immune system to attack and fight off these antigens
Why are secondary immune responses quicker than primary ones?
Because the generation of memory cells are ready for the pathogen and once encountered, they act much more quickly
What are the different types of white blood cells and how do they contribute to immunity?
Neutrophils - First to arrive (phagocytosis)
Macrophages - most effective phagocytes
Basophil - Produce histamine
Eosinophils - Allergy
Natural killer cells - can cause lysis of virus-infected cells or cancer cells
B cells and T lymphocytes - Adaptive immunity
