White cells (leucocytes) Flashcards

1
Q

what is a normal white cell count (WCC)?

A

4-11 x 10 (9)/L

high tends to mean infection or cancer

low mean immunsuppression

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2
Q

what can cause a low WCC?

A

Common causes include: cancer treatment, like radiotherapy anti-psychotic drugs medication for an overactive thyroid some cancers, like leukaemia infections such as HIV or hepatitis autoimmune disorders, like rheumatoid arthritis

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3
Q

what 5 types of white cell are there?

A

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils basophils.

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4
Q

what is the white cell differential (count)?

A

The differential reveals if the white cells are present in normal proportion to one another, if one cell type is increased or decreased, or if immature or abnormal cells are present. This information is helpful in diagnosing specific types of illnesses that affect the immune system.

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5
Q

which is the most common type?

A

neutrophils

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6
Q

what do neutrophils do?

A

these are the most abundant white blood cells, and are ‘phagocytes’ - that is, they ‘eat’ foreign organisms and kill them with internal poisons. They are important for fighting bacterial and fungal infections.

biggest association fighting bacterial infections

but also fungi

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7
Q

what of lymphocytes do?

A

25% normal WCC

specifically acting killers of infection and regulate the immune response. B-lymphocytes produce antibodies. T-lymphocytes act as messenger cells, directing the immune response.

biggest association = viral infections

(but also fight bacteria)

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8
Q

monocytes

A

5-10% normal WCC

Monocytes are phagocytes, like neutrophils, active against bacteria, fungi, and tuberculosis.

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9
Q

eosinophils

A

1-3 % normal WCC

increase during allergic attacks and some parasitic (worms) infestations

biggest association Allergies eg hayfever and asthma

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10
Q

basophils

<1% of normal WCC

(so called because their corase granules stain blue when exposed to a basic dye)

A

increasein

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11
Q

Which of the following white blood cells is capable of phagocytosis?

a) Basophil
b) Eosinophil
c) Lymphocyte
d) Neutrophil

A

Neutrophil

Feedback:

Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell can ingest and digest other cells. The two WBCs that are phagocytic in nature are neutrophils and monocytes.

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12
Q

what types of lymphocyte are there?

A

B cells which make antibodies that bind to pathogens to bring about their destruction.

T cells – CD4 or helper T cells coordinate the immune response. They are what become defective in HIV infection. They are important for defence against intracellular bacteria. CD8 or cytotoxic T cells are able to kill virus infections.

Natural killer cells are able to kill cells of the body which are not displaying a signal not to kill them as they have been infected by a virus or have become cancerous.

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13
Q

An increased white blood cell count is indicative of which disease?

a) Lupus
b) Leukaemia
c) Anaemia
d) Melanoma

A

Leukaemia

Feedback:

White blood cells increase in number during times of infection and disease within the body. In diseases such as leukaemia, normal leucopoiesis (formation of WBCs in the bone marrow) is affected. This results in a number of immature WBCs that rapidly divide within the bone marrow. Hence, the increase of WBCs.

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14
Q

leucocytosis

A

high white blood cell count

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15
Q

name three different types of granular leukocytes?

A

eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils

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16
Q

leucopenia

A

low WBC count

17
Q

name 2 types of agranular white cell

A

monocytes and lymphocytes fall under this category

18
Q

which granulocyte is most abundant

A

neutrophil

19
Q

What type of WBC kills parasites?

A

Eosinophil.

20
Q

Neutropenia

A

A decreased number of circulating neutrophils

caused by drugs esp chemotherapy, severe infections

21
Q

Is an eosinophil granulated or ungranulated?

A

Granulated; it is a granulocyte.

22
Q

What type of WBC helps to control inflammation and allergic reactions?

A

Eosinophil.

23
Q

If you had appendicitis, pneumonia, or tonsillitis, what type of WBC would you expect to find in greater quantity?

A

Neutrophils

24
Q

What type of WBC would you expect to find in greater quantity if you had systemic infection, such as typhus fever, tuberculosis, or typhoid fever?

A

Monocytes

25
Q

where do all WBCs originate from ?

A

stem Cells in Hematopoietic bone marrow

26
Q

Which WBC would you expect to take care of a viral infection?

A

Lymphocytes

27
Q

Most WBCs circulate within ______________ and _________________

A

vascular and lymphatic systems

28
Q

definition of leukaemia

A

malignant proliferation of cells native to bone marrow, which often spill over into blood