last min hardd

Question 1

asthma is an ….. condition

Answer 1

obstructive

Question 2

obstructive

Answer 2

includes conditions which make it hard to exhale all air in the lungs –> narrowing of airways –> comes out more slowly–> but should fully empty

Question 3

examples of obstructive

Answer 3

COPD, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, CF

Question 4

restrictive

Answer 4

difficulty fully expanding their lung with air. e.g. stiffness of the lungs- fibrosis

Question 5

normal breathing rate

Answer 5

12-20 breaths a min

Question 6

normal % oxygenation of Hb

Answer 6

between 95-100

Question 7

+ve pressure breathing

Answer 7

respiratory therapy treatment for people who are hypoventilating. While not a preferred method due to cost, IPPB is used to expand the lungs, deliver aerosol medications, and in some circumstances ventilate the patient.

Question 8

insulin comes from

Answer 8

beta langerhans - binds to tyrosine kinase receptor

Question 9

B1 adrenergic receptor is a

Answer 9

GPCR

Question 10

what type of drug is Bisoprolol

Answer 10

B blocker

Question 11

B blocker

Answer 11

1) reduces HR 2) decreases contractility 3) reduced renin release

Question 12

stimulation of B receptors

Answer 12

increase in cAMP, increase in HR, increase in contractility

Question 13

ACE inhibitors

Answer 13

lower BP

Question 14

Example of an ACE inhibitor

Answer 14

ramipril

Question 15

angiotensin receptor blocker

Answer 15

Iosartan

Question 16

example of a loop diuretic

Answer 16

furosemide

Question 17

furosemide

Answer 17

results in depletion of filtered Na+ within the filtrate upstream of macula densa cells (DCT), therefore macula densa cells sense less sodium in the filtrate - renin release

Question 18

preganglionic axon terminal release of ACH is true for

Answer 18

both parasympathetic and sympathetic neurones

Question 19

cholecystokinin

Answer 19

reduces gastric emptying, released when fat and protein in s intestine

Question 20

what is released when fat and protein are in s intestine

Answer 20

cholecystokinin