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Introduction to medicine (Year 1) > White blood cells > Flashcards

White blood cells Flashcards

1
Q

What white blood cells are granulocytes?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
  • Mast cells
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2
Q

What white blood cells are agranulocytes?

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • Mononcytes
  • Dendritic cells
  • Macrophages
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3
Q

What are myeloid cells?

A

Cells that contribute to the innate immune response

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4
Q

What are lymphoid cells?

A

Cells that contribute to the adaptive immune response (except NK cells)

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5
Q

What white blood cells are antigen presenting cells?

A
  • Monocyte
  • Dendritic cells
  • Macrophages
  • Lymphocytes
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6
Q

Describe the structure and function of neutrophils

A
  • Polymorphonuclear- irregular, multi-lobed nucleus (normally segmented into 3-5 lobes)
  • Granulocyte- prominent cytoplasmic granules
  • Phagocyte, so undergoes phagocytosis to kill microorganisms
  • Main mediators of innate immunity
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7
Q

Describe the structure and function of eosinophils?

What colour do they stain with eosin?

A
  • Bilobed nucleus (nucleus has 2 lobes)
  • Stain pink with eosin
  • Polymorphonuclear
  • Larger cells fight parasites
  • Key cell in allergy responses
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8
Q

Describe the structure and function of basophils

A
  • Nonphagocytes
  • Granulocytes
  • Polymorphonuclear cells (nucleus bilobed/segmented)
  • Stain blue/purple with hematoxylin
  • Aid in fighting parasites and response to allergies
  • Granules contain histamine, heparin
  • Involved in inflammatory response
  • Least numerous leukocyte
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9
Q

Describe the structure and function of mast cells

A
  • Non phagocytes
  • Granulocytes
  • Involved in inflammatory response
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10
Q

Describe the structure and function of monocytes

What do they release and differentiate into?

A
  • Phagocytes
  • Antigen-presenting cells
  • Release cytokines to recruit other cells
  • Only circulate in blood
  • Differentiate into macrophages/ dendritic cells
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11
Q

Describe the structure and function of dendritic cells

A
  • Phagocytes
  • Antigen- presenting cells
  • Release cytokines to recruit other cells
  • Circulate in lymph, blood tissue
  • Consume large proteins in interstitial fluid
  • Break blood borne pathogens into small amino acid chains -> move to lymph node -> present antigens to T cells
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12
Q

Describe the structure and function of macrophages

A
  • Phagocytes
  • Antigen-presenting cells
  • Release cytokines to recruit other cells
  • Stay in connective tissue, lymphoid organs
  • Not in blood
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13
Q

What white blood cells are phagocytic?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Monocytes
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
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14
Q

What white blood cells are myeloid cells?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
  • Mast cells
  • Monocytes
  • Dendritic cells
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15
Q

What white blood cells are lymphoid cells?

A
  • NK cells - complete development in bone marrow and these cells contribute to the innate response
  • B cells - complete development in bone marrow
  • T cells - completes development in thymus
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16
Q

Describe the structure and function of NK cells

A
  • Large
  • Contain granules
  • Primarily target infected, cancer cells
  • Kill target cells with cytotoxic granules (punch holes in target cell membranes by binding to phospholipids -> enter cell, trigger apoptosis
17
Q

Describe the function of B cells

A
  • Bind to specific antigens (antigen presentation not needed)
  • Capable of phagocytosis, antigen presentation; load antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II, display to T cells; T-cell activation -> B cells mature into plasma cells; secrete antibodies/ immunoglobulins (B cell receptors in secreted form, mark pathogens for destruction -> ‘humoral immunity’
18
Q

Describe the function of T cells

A
  • Responsible for cell-mediated immunity; bind to specific antigens (antigen presentation needed)
  • Naive T cells primed by antigen presenting cells (usually dendritic cells); generally categorised into CD4+ (T helper) , CD8+ ( T cytotoxic) T cells
  • T helper cells secrete cytokines to coordinate immune responses, only see antigens on MHC II
  • T cytotoxic cells kill target cells, cells with antigens on MHC I

Introduction to medicine (Year 1) (55 decks)

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