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Ecology > Wheat > Flashcards

Wheat Flashcards

1
Q

wheat facts

A

70% of land is for farming in UK, globally its 38%, most food comes from 3 plants, maize/wheat/rice

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2
Q

origins of agriculture

A

humans were first hunter gatherers, then first villages built in israel/palestine (pestle n mortars suggest multiple types harvested), then populations increased and people domesticated crops

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3
Q

cultivated vs domesticated

A

cultivated is same as wild, domesticated is modified

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4
Q

why was there change from hunter gatherers

A

14,000 yrs ago when there were hunter gatherers it was warm/wet but 13000 yrs ago it changed to cold/dry and range of plants reduced, 11000 yrs ago holocene and veg returned

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5
Q

maize

A

domesticated 9000 yrs ago, wild progenitor is teosinte, 2 rows of seeds in hard capsule

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6
Q

wheat

A

domesticated 10000 yrs ago, from 2-3 progenitors

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7
Q

rice

A

oryza sativa domesticated 9000 yrs ago, oryza glaberrima domesticated 3000 yrs ago

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8
Q

domesticated syndrome

A

traits that cause domesticated crop to differ from progenitors (loss of seed dispersal)

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9
Q

seed dispersal

A

plants disperse seeds to prevent competition from parent, disperse via abscission

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10
Q

why dont domesticated plants disperse seeds

A

its lost grain shattering, a single nucleotide prevents formation of abscission so cant disperse

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11
Q

why dont soy beans disperse

A

seeds held in pods

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12
Q

what can reduce yield

A

pod shattering, so isnt useful in agriculture on wild plants

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13
Q

other disperse facts

A

humans act as dispersers, plants make fruit to entice dispersers

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14
Q

industrial revolution

A

large scale farming happened, selective breeding/large farms, 60s pop increased so food productions couldnt keep up

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15
Q

green revolution

A

bred better yield, selective breeding made crops that were more responsive to fertiliser, but dependant on fertiliser/less adapted to climate change

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16
Q

wheat evolution

A

semi dwarf wheat got bred to be rust resistant, dwarf wheat resistant to lodging

17
Q

evolution genes

A

dwarf genes make proteins that restrict growth, taller plants have gibberellin that breaks down protein

18
Q

food security for future

A

fertilisers/pesticides, limited land/ climate change

19
Q

how to increase yield

A

irrigation, selective breeding

20
Q

orphan crops

A

grown on small farms, havent been altered, good for poor conditions

21
Q

introgression

A

traits from lots of breeding

22
Q

different times

A

natufian (warm/wet), younger dryas (cold/dry), neolithic (pop increased)

Ecology (20 decks)

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