Community ecology Flashcards
interspecific
different species
intraspecific
within species
biotic
living
abiotic
non-living
intraspecific behaviour
mating/social
group
same species that can breed together
community
multiple species
taxonomic group
all amphibians
guild
species that use same resources
functional group
species that function in same way but dont use same resources
metapopulation
geographically isolated populations linked by separation
subpopulation
dispersed groups of metapopulations
geneflow
exchange of alleles from one population to another
patch
area where animal lives
patch potential
chance of extinction or recolonisation, some are at carrying capacity, some have good light/nutrients
community ecology
focuses on direct/indirect interactions
population ecology
focuses on population size/composition over time
interspecific competition
usually for resources, one usually outcompetes another
mutualism
benefits both species (pollination)
direct interactions
eating other animals, being preyed on
indirect interactions
rummaging soil can disturb plants growing there
keystone species
species that have community wide effects (wild boars)
ecosystem engineers
beavers
why do communities change overtime
climate change, resource depleting
factors affecting populations
dispersal, predator/prey, resources
dispersal types
active (mix/leave with others), passive (birds spread seeds), facilitated
what does dispersal do
help reduce competition/escape harsh environments
specific dispersal stage
eggs/sperm or before sexual maturity to prevent inbreeding (lions)
sex biased dispersal
females more likely to disperse
migration
movement of population
immigration
to location
emigration
from location
population growth (exponential/logistic)
exponential (growth then stationary then decline), logistic (limited by resources)
density dependant factors
things that depend on dense areas, limiting resources (more animals using resources), predation (more predation), pathogens (more animals to spread)
density independent factors
dont depend on density, weather/climate
larger organisms mean
density declines as needs more resources
survival/mortality types
type 1 (high survival through adulthood), type 2 (constant risk of mortality), type 3 (low survival at early life but increases with age)
life history strategies
trade off between number of organisms and size
community/population
community (direct/indirect, competition, keystone, engineers, mutualism/commensalism), population (dispersal, migration, factors)
