Ecosystems

Question 1

system

Answer 1

organised structure with interrelated parts

Question 2

individual

Answer 2

a single organism

Question 3

species

Answer 3

a group of organisms who 2 individuals can breed with each other

Question 4

population

Answer 4

a group of individuals of same species that occupy area

Question 5

ecosystem boundaries

Answer 5

can be water/topography

Question 6

unclear boundaries

Answer 6

predators/vegetation/humidity/climate, some may be well bound with community (lake) others may not be (stream)

Question 7

what can affect how well bound ecosystems are

Answer 7

climate change

Question 8

ecotones

Answer 8

transition zones between ecosystems, can home species not adapted to climate change

Question 9

species classifying order

Answer 9

taxon, taxonomic group, family, species, class

Question 10

samples

Answer 10

when sampling you need to know species present/abundance/right time of year, need to take into account time/money of counting samples

Question 11

quadrats

Answer 11

random/stratified (pre planned areas)/systematic (split into 20m areas), either percentage cover/number of individuals

Question 12

quadrats bias

Answer 12

could be biased placing quadrats, might not be even, size of sample depends on ecosystem

Question 13

releves

Answer 13

list of plants in an area, but needs knowledge of species

Question 14

comprehensive inventories

Answer 14

long term monitoring, detailed but needs time/money

Question 15

remote sensing

Answer 15

monitors lots of vegetation over time, only broad not species level

Question 16

sampling techniques for animals

Answer 16

transects which record animals crossing it

Question 17

how many species of plants/animals, new species found each year

Answer 17

350k plants, 1 mill animals, 300 new

Question 18

species range

Answer 18

area where a species is found

Question 19

which areas have small species range

Answer 19

islands as surrounded by water

Question 20

how to measure biodiversity

Answer 20

species richness/abundance of species, shannon index/simpson index

Question 21

2 categories of biodiversity

Answer 21

local (alpha), regional (gamma)

Question 22

where is most biodiversity found

Answer 22

south america

Question 23

why are species the way they are

Answer 23

extinction, immigration, speciation

Question 24

niche

Answer 24

how a species lives not where, conditions that allow organism to live

Question 25

n conditions

Answer 25

what the species needs (temp/rain)

Question 26

niche model

Answer 26

3 dimensional, shows where species can be based on where it is now

Question 27

competitive exclusion

Answer 27

if 2 competing species exist they do because of niche differentiation, realized niches must be different

Question 28

what happens if theres no difference in differentiation

Answer 28

one species will eliminate the other