What is diabetes? Flashcards
Symptoms of hyperglycaemia
polydipsia
polyuria
blurred vision
weight loss
infections
Long term microvascular complications of hyperglycaemia
retinopathy
neuropathy
nephropathy
long term macro-vascular complications of hyperglycaemia
stroke
MI
peripheral vascular disease
What two things do you measure when diagnosing diabetes?
blood glucose
HbA1c
What is Hb1Ac?
glycated haemoglobin
What does Hb1Ac give an indication of?
blood glucose levels over the last 8-12 weeks
When can Hb1Ac NOT be used for diagnosis?
children
pregnancy
short duration of symptoms
acutely ill diabetic patients
Renal failure
HIV
About 88% of diabetes is type ……..
two
About 10% of diabetes is type ……..
one
Development of T1DM requires what 3 factors?
genetic pre-disposition
trigger (viral infection?)
autoimmunity
What effect does insulin have on adipose tissue?
reduced lipolysis
what effect does insulin have on the liver?
reduces glucose production
What effects does insulin have on muscle?
increases glucose uptake
diabetic ketoacidosis is a common feature in
T1DM
clinical presentation of T1DM
short duration symptoms
thirst
tiredness
polyuria
weight loss
blurred vision
abdominal pain
clinical presentation of T1DM
on examination
Ketones on breath
Dehydration
increased respiratory rate, tachycardia, hypotension.
Low grade infections, thrush
increased insulin resistance is critical in
T2DM
T2DM symptoms
MAY HAVE NO SYMPTOMS
thirst
tiredness
polyuria
weight loss
blurred vision
T2DM signs
not ketotic
overweight
low grade infections
T2DM risk factors
overweight
family history
over 30
previous history (pregnancy_
lack of exercise
previous high BP
What is MODY?
Maturity onset diabetes in the young
MODY results in imparied ….. …….. function
beta cell
what two types of mutations are involved in MODY?
glucokinase
transcription factor
Secondary diabetes mellitus is characteristic of ………. destruction
pancreatic
diagnostic HbA1c is less than or equal to
48mmol/l
you can diagnose diabetes in two ways:
1 diagnostic lab test WITH symptoms
2 diagnostic labs tests WITHOUT symptoms
