Clinical calcium homeostasis Flashcards
Dietary sources of calcium
milk, cheese etc
green leafy vegetables
soya beans
tofu
nuts
bread
fish
4 main functions of calcium
bones formation
cell division and growth
muscle contraction
neurotransmitter release
what proportion of calcium is bound in plasma?
45%
normal range of plasma calcium in clinical plasma
2.20 - 2.60 mmol/l
Acidosis increases ionised calcium thus predisposing to ……….
hypercalcaemia
Food sources of vitamin D
oily fish
eggs
fortified fat spreads
fortified breakfast cereals
some powdered milk
Groups at risk of a vitamin D deficiency
Pregnant woman
kids
elderly
asian
chief cells in the parathyroid hormone respond directly to changes in
calcium concentrations
PTH is secreted in response to a …….. in calcium
decrease
PTH mediates what from its inactive to its active form?
Vitamin D
PTH has direct effects that promote …… … ……… from renal tubules & bone
reabsorption of calcium
9 acute clinical features of hypocalcaemia
neuromuscular irritability
paresthesia
muscle twitching
carpopedal spasm
trousseau’s sign
chovstek’s sign
seizures
layrngospasm
bronchospasm
Symptoms of hypocalcaemia typically develop when adjusted serum calcium levels fall below ……..
1.9 mmol/l
causes of low PTH
genetic disorders
post-surgical
autoimmune
infiltration of parathyroid gland
Radiation-induced destruction of parathyroid glands
hungry bone syndrome
HIV infection
investigations for hypoglycaemia
ECG
Serum Calcium
Albumin
Phosphate
PTH
U+Es
vitamin D
magnesium
