Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 - Endocrine > Introduction to the Endocrine System > Flashcards

Introduction to the Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Chemicals that act locally at the site of synthesis (do not travel to distant sites) are….

A

paracrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

chemicals that act on the same cell that synthesises the hormone (eg cytokines) are……

A

autocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chemical that are released from exocrine glands via ducts to the external environment are …..

A

exocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

neuro hormones are released from…… and then they enter blood and travel to their target cells

A

nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

insulin acts on the liver and increases…. and decreases…..

A

glycogenesis

gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cells that secrete chemical that bind to receptors on the same cell act in response to …….. signals

A

autocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chemicals diffuse in ECF to affect the neighbouring cells are in response to …… signals

A

paracrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

endocrine hormones have their action terminated - often via…. ….. ….

A

negative feedback loops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

peptide (or protein) hormones are composed of

A

chains of amino acids

these are the most common type of hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Amine hormones are derived from

A

one of 2 amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 2 amino acids that amine hormones come from?

A

tyrosine and tryptophan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Steroid hormones are derived from

A

cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

3 examples of peptide hormones

A

FSH

TRH

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Peptide hormones are synthesised as

A

preprohormones

then prohormones that are kept in vesicles til use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Measuring inactive fragments in plasma can be useful clinically - give an example used in diabetes

A

C-peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is C-peptide?

A

the inactive fragment from the insulin prohormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

levels of C-peptide are used to measure

A

endogenous insulin production from the pancreas

18
Q

peptide hormones are water soluble so dissolved easily in …..

A

plasma

making transport via the blood simple and easy

19
Q

generally - peptide hormones binding to receptors generally create …… biological responses

A

fast

20
Q

most peptide hormones work via modulating what two signalling pathways?

A

GPCR

tyrosine kinase linked signalling pathways

21
Q

therefore hydrophilic or lipophilic peptides bind to cell surface receptors that are either

A

GPCR

or

Tyrosine Kinase Linked Receptor

22
Q

G-protein coupled receptor binding is a …… response

A

rapid

23
Q

GPCR activates 2nd messenger and/or ion channels leading to

A

modification of existing proteins

24
Q

Tyrosine kinase linked receptor alters

A

gene expression

25
Q

tyrosine kinase linked receptor binding is a ……. response

A

slower/ longer lasting

26
Q

amine hormones are mostly derived from what AA?

A

tyrosine

27
Q

unlike other hormones, steroid hormones are synthesised directly as needed, rather than being

A

stored and released

28
Q

What gland secretes oxytocin and vasopressin?

A

posterior pituitary

29
Q

GH is also known as

A

somatotropin

30
Q

what hormones does the anterior pituitary release?

A

prolactin

FSH

LH

TSH

ACTH

GH

31
Q

what organ does GH act on?

A

liver

32
Q

What does ACTH act on?

A

adrenal cortex

33
Q

What does the parathyroid hormone do?

A

acts on the bone and kidney

regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the plasma

34
Q

What hormone does the liver produce?

A

Insulin like growth factor 1

35
Q

What are the 3 main hormones secreted from the pancreas?

A

insulin

glucagon

somatostatin (GHIH)

36
Q

What are the two hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex?

A

aldosterone

cortisol

37
Q

What does cortisol regulate?

A

stress

38
Q

What does aldosterone regulate? where?

A

Na+ and K+ homeostasis

in the kidneys

39
Q

What hormones are produced in the adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine

norepinephrine

40
Q

What hormone does the kidney produce?

what is its purpose?

A

erythropoietin

RBC production

Year 2 - Endocrine (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions