Clinical thyroid disease

Question 1

hypothyroid symptoms

Answer 1

weight gain

lethargy

feeling cold

constipation

heavy periods

dry skin/hair

bradycardia

slow reflexes

goitre

Question 2

hyperthyroid symptoms

Answer 2

weight loss

anxiety

heata tolerance

bowel frequency

light periods

sweaty palms

paliptations

tremors

goitre

Question 3

What is the most common endocrine condition?

after diabetes

Answer 3

hypothyroidism

Question 4

acquired causes of primary hypothyroidism

Answer 4

autoimmune thyroid disease (hashimotos)

Iatrogenic

chronic iodine deficiency

post-subacute thyroiditis .

Question 5

investigations of hypothyroidism

Answer 5

TSH/ fT4

autoantibodies (TPO) (thyroid peroxidase antibodies)

Question 6

treatments for hypothyroidism

Answer 6

levothyroxine (T4) tablets

liothyronine (T3)

Question 7

special situations for hypothyroidism treatment

Answer 7

ischaemic heart disease

pregnancy

postpartum thyroiditis

myxedema coma

Question 8

……. levothyroxine required during pregnancy

Answer 8

increased

Question 9

in pregnancy - Inadequately treated hypothyroidism linked with

Answer 9

increased foetal loss

lower IQ

Question 10

physiological causes of goitre

Answer 10

puberty

pregnancy

Question 11

autoimmune goitre causes

Answer 11

graves disease

hashimotos disease

Question 12

goitre causes

Answer 12

graves

hashimotos

thyroiditis

iodine deficiency

dyshormogenesis

Question 13

goitre types

Answer 13

multi-nodular

diffuse goitre (colloid and simple)

cysts

tumours

Question 14

solitary thyroid nodule investigations

Answer 14

thyroid function test

ultrasound

fine needle aspiration

isotope scanning

Question 15

two types of thyroid cancer

Answer 15

papillary

follicular

Question 16

thyroid cancer management

Answer 16

near total tyroidectomy

high dose radioiodine

long term suppressive doses of thyroxine

Question 17

two other types of thyroid cancer

Answer 17

anaplastic

lymphoma

Question 18

medullary thyroid cancer tumours arise from

Answer 18

parafollicular C cells

Question 19

treatment for medullary thyroid cancer is a

Answer 19

total thyroidectomy

Question 20

causes of primary thyrotoxicosis

Answer 20

graves disease

toxic multi-nodular goitre

toxic adenoma

Question 21

causes of secondary thyrotoxicosis

Answer 21

pituitary adenoma secreting TSH

Question 22

what does Thyrotoxicosis mean?

Answer 22

excess of thyroid hormone in the body

Question 23

Graves disease is what percentage of all cases of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 23

70-80%

Question 24

Grave’s disease is an autoimmune condition driven by what two types of antibodies?

Answer 24

thyroid peroxidase antibodies

TSH receptor antibodies

Question 25

What is the most common type of thyrotoxicosis in the eldery?

Answer 25

multi-nodular goitre

Question 26

antithyroid drugs

Answer 26

carbimazole

propylthiouracil

Question 27

levothyroxine starts at 50mcg/day and the dose gets increased until what is normal?

Answer 27

TSH levels

Question 28

ATD (antithyroid drugs) are usually given as a ……. regime

Answer 28

titration

Question 29

Treatment of thyroxicosis

Answer 29

radioiodine

anti-thyroid medication (carbimazole)

beta blockers (propranolol)