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Human Geography > Western Civilization Chapter 13 Review > Flashcards

Western Civilization Chapter 13 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Middle Ages

A

The gradual decline of the Roman Empire ushered in an era of European history called

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2
Q

Franks

A

Germanic people that lived in the Roman province of Gaul

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3
Q

Monastery

A

Religious communities were monks gave up their lives to serving God

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4
Q

Secular

A

He became “emperor” of Rome in 800–after crushing a revolt which saved the life of Pope Leo III

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5
Q

Carolingian Dynasty

A

Family that would rule the Franks

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6
Q

Charlemagne

A

Charles the Great

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7
Q

What was the most important event in the unification of the Germanic kingdoms? Why?

A

The most important event in the unification of the Germanic kingdoms was the adaptation of Christianity. Women were treated better in Christian empires. They also traded further and there was much more pilgrimages.

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8
Q

What were three roots of medieval culture in western Europe?

A
  1. the classical heritage of Rome
  2. the beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
  3. the customs of various German tribes
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9
Q

What are three ways that civilization in western Europe declined after the Roman
Empire fell?

A

The three ways civilization in Western Europe declined after the Roman Empire fell were invasions, the decline of learning, and the customs of various German tribes.

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10
Q

What was the most important achievement of Pope Gregory I?

A

Pope Gregory I greatest achievement was how he broadened the role of the pope beyond his spiritual role, under Gregory I the papacy also became secular. The pope then had power beyond religious power in politics.

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11
Q

What role did the church play in helping clovis conquer other germanic people?

A

The church provided order and security

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12
Q

What role did pope gregory the great play in spreading the idea of a vast unified kingdom

A

The pope used church revenues to raise armies repair roads and help the poor

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13
Q

What was important about Charles Martel victory at the battle of tours

A

Charles Martel victory at tours made him a Christian hero and also extended franks reign to the north south and east

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14
Q

How did Pepin the short strengthen the Frankish kingdom

A

Pepin the short fought the lombards and cooperated with the pope

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15
Q

What was the importance of Charlemagne’s Cora nation as emperor

A

This event signaled the joining of Germanic power, the church, and the heritage of the Roman Empire

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16
Q

How did Charlemagne govern his unified kingdom

A

He sent out royal agents. He also visited every part of his empire and kept close watch on his estates

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17
Q

lord

A

Land owner

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18
Q

fief

A

An estate granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service and loyalty

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19
Q

vassal

A

a person under the protection of a feudal lord to whom he or she owes allegiance; a subordinate or dependent; a servant

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20
Q

knight

A

horsemen who pledged to defend their lords’ lands in exchange for fiefs

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21
Q

serf

A

a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord

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22
Q

manor

A

Lord’s estate; economy; set of rights and obligations between lord and serf.

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23
Q

tithe

A

Church tax

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24
Q

What is the main reason feudalism developed? Explain.

A

Treaty of Verdun broke up the kingdom. Political turmoil and constant turmoil led to feudalism. Invaders attacked, the king could not protect them so they turned to local leaders who could fight the invaders.

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25
Q

What groups invaded Europe in the 800s?

A

Muslim, Magyar, and Vikings invaded Europe

26
Q

What obligations did a peasant have to the lord of the manor?

A

The peasant’s obligations to the Lord of the Manor were based mostly on farming work. The peasant would work large proportions of their day on the land of their Lord, the rest of their day would be put toward farming for themselves and their family.

27
Q

What were the three social classes of the feudal system?

A

nobles, merchants craftmen and managers, and laborers

28
Q

Explain the mutual obligations of the feudal system

A

In exchange for military surfaces a land on a granted land to vassal

29
Q

Explain why the feudal system often results in complicated alliances

A

Because and noble could be a vassal too many different lords

30
Q

Describe the feudal social class

A

Three classes those who fight, those who prayed, those who worked

31
Q

Explain the mutual obligations between Lord and service under the manor system

A

In exchange for land and housing surfs had to maintain the land

32
Q

Explain why the serfs rarely had to leave their manor

A

Because manor were self-sufficient

33
Q

Explain why the serfs excepted their economic hardships

A

They believe God determine one place in society.

34
Q

chivalry:

A

A code of behavior that demanded a knight fight bravely in defense of his three masters, his earthly lord(land owner), heavenly Lord(God), and his chosen lady. The ideal knight was loyal, brave and courteous. masters.

35
Q

tournament

A

mock battles that young knights took part in.

36
Q

troubadour

A

traveling poet-musicians at the castles and courts of Europe.

37
Q

Which ideas associated with chivalry have remnants in today’s society? Explain.

A

Men today should be loyal, brave and courteous.

38
Q

What were two inventions from Asia that changed the technology of warfare in western Europe?

A

Leather saddles and stirrups. The saddle kept the warrior firmly in place and the stirrups enables him to ride and handle heavier weapons.

39
Q

Who were the occupants of a castle?

A

Lord, Lady, their family, knights and other men-at-arms, and the servants

40
Q

What were some of the themes of medieval literature?

A

Many stories idealized castle life. They glorified knighthood and chivalry, tournaments and real battles. Songs and poems about a knights undying love for a lady were also very popular. Epic Poetry recounted a hero’s deeds and adventures. Example THE SONG OF ROLAND

41
Q

Education in Middle Ages:

A

devoted lives to war-no time for learning

42
Q

Weapons and Equipment:

A

leather saddles and stirrups kept soldiers from falling off, so they could carry heavier weapons. Wealth from fiefs meant knights could afford weapons, armor, and horses

43
Q

War Games:

A

tournaments-young knights, recreation w combat training, winners demanded ransoms from losers

44
Q

Code of Chivalry

A

code of conduct for Knights and Lords, similar to Bushido for Samurai, protected weak and poor. Knight devoted himself to earthly lord, heavenly lord, and chosen lady

45
Q

Castle Life

A

lived inside castle walls, lord demanded 40 days of combat per year. Past time was training for war by wrestling and hunting

46
Q

Romantic Love

A

duty to his lady as important as duty to lord. Code of Chivalry made knights seem more romantic than brutal

47
Q

clergy

A

a body of officials who perform religious services- such as priests, ministers, or rabbis

48
Q

sacrament:

A

one of the Christian ceremonies in which God’s grace is transmitted to people

49
Q

canon law

A

the body of laws governing the religious practices of a Christian church

50
Q

Holy Roman Empire

A

an empire established in Europe in the 10th century A.D., originally consisting mainly of lands in what is now Germany and Italy

51
Q

lay investiture

A

the appointment of religious officials by kings or nobles

52
Q

Which of the events were power struggles between the Church and rulers? Explain.

A

In 1075, the lay investiture was banned. In 1077, King Henry IV journeyed to Canossa. In 1122, the Concordat at Worms was compromised on lay investiture. In 1176, the Battle of Legnano took place. All were power struggles because the duties and privileges of Church and state were continuously changing during this time

53
Q

What were some of the matters covered by canon law?

A

marriage and religious practices

54
Q

How did Otto the Great make the crown stronger than the German nobles?

A

He formed an alliance with the Church that limited the nobles power

55
Q

Why did lay investiture cause a struggle between kings and popes?

A

they disagreed over who had the power to appoint church officials

56
Q

Otto invades Italy on pope’s behalf

A

Cause: Following Charlemagne’s footsteps
Outcome: Otto was rewarded by being crowned emperor

57
Q

Pope Gregory bans lay investiture

A

Cause: The Church began to resent the control the kings had over the clergy, and the Church reformers felt that bishops shouldn’t be under the power of the king.
Outcome: Henry IV was excommunicated, German bishops sided with the pope

58
Q

Henry IV travels to Canossa

A

Henry IV travels to Canossa
Cause: He tried to win the Pope’s forgiveness
Outcome: Henry waited in the snow for three days, he was re-communicated, and the pope gained even greater victory by humiliating him

59
Q

Representatives of Church and emperor meet in Worms

A

Cause: Gregory & Henry’s successors fought over lay investiture until 1122
Outcome: Compromise, the Concordat of Worms

60
Q

Lombard League fights Battle of Legnano

A

Cause: Holy Roman Empire slaughtered Italian merchants, angering the Church
Outcome: Church led alliance/ army defeats the Holy Roman Empire

Human Geography (12 decks)

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