Western Civilization Ch.1 Quiz Flashcards
Define Western Civilization
a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems and specific artifacts and technologies that have some origin or association with Europe.
Identify “The West”
Ancient Greece is considered the birthplace of many elements of Western culture, with the world’s first democratic system of government and major advances in philosophy, science and mathematics.
Describe Characteristics of the Modern Western World
- )Liberal Democracy
- )Economic Liberalism
- )Christianity
- )Separation of Church and State
- )Progress
- )Human rights and guaranteed civil liberties
List of all countries that are considered a part of “Western Civilization” today
Europe
US
Canada
Australia
Liberal Democracy
A liberal political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism.
Economic Liberalism
An economic system organized on individual lines, meaning that the greatest possible number of economic decisions are made by individuals or households rather than by collective institutions or organizations
Christianity
Christians generally believe Jesus to be God the Son, the second person of the Trinity. It is a monotheistic religion, meaning it has only one God.
Separation of Church and State
A philosophic and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the nation state
Progress
forward or onward movement toward a destination.
Human rights and guaranteed civil liberties
freedoms guaranteed to us by the Constitution to protect us from tyranny (think: our freedom of speech), while civil rights are the legal rights
Define Liberal Democracy
A political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism
Identify Characteristics of Democracies
- )Separation of powers into different branches of government,
- )The rule of law in everyday life as part of an open society
- )Equal protection of human rights, civil rights, civil liberties and political freedoms for all people
Describe events contributing to the development of Liberal Democracy
Magna Carta Petition of Right Habeas Corpus Act Putney Debates The English Civil Wars The Glorious Revolution The English Bill of Rights The American Revolution The U.S. Bill of Rights The French Revolution
Magna Carta
June 15, 1215, a charter of liberties to which the English barons forced King John to give his assent at Runnymede, it established the principle that everyone is subject to the law
Petition of Right
statement of civil liberties sent by the English Parliament to Charles I . Refusal by Parliament to finance the king’s unpopular foreign policy had caused his government to exact forced loans and to quarter troops in subjects’ houses as an economy measure.
Habeas Corpus Act
The Habeas Corpus Act of 1679, was passed during the reign of the restored monarchy of Charles II after the English Civil War. It strengthened the ancient and powerful writ which had been a feature of English Common Law since before Magna Carta.
Putney Debates
November 1647, a series of discussions between factions of the New Model Army and the Levellers concerning a new constitution for England
The English Civil Wars
August 22, 1642- September 3, 1651, civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles 1, and it ended the notion of the divine right of the kings and laid the groundwork for the modern UK parliament and monarchy
The Glorious Revolution
1688 to 1689, the November 1688 deposition and subsequent replacement of James II and VII as ruler of England, Scotland and Ireland.
The English Bill of Rights
1689, a landmark Act in the constitutional law of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown
The American Revolution
The American Revolution was a colonial revolt which occurred between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War with the assistance of France, winning independence from Great Britain and establishing the United States of America.
The U.S. Bill of Rights
it is the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. December 15, 1791. It gave us rights and liberties of the people.
The French Revolution
The French Revolution began in 1789 and was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies.
Define Economic Liberalism (capitalism)
An economic system organized on individual lines, which means the greatest possible number of economic decisions are made by individuals or households then by collective institutions or organizations
Define Capitalism
A spectrum of different economic policies, such as freedom of movement, but its basis is on strong support for a market economy and private property in the means of production
Identify Characteristics of Capitalism
- )Capital accumulation: Production for profit and accumulation as the implicit purpose of all or most of production, constriction or elimination of production formerly carried out on a common social or private household basis
- )Commodity production: Production for exchange on a market; to maximize exchange-value instead of use-value
- )Private ownership of the means of production
- )High levels of wage labour
- )The investment of money to make a profit
- )The use of the price mechanism to allocate resources between competing uses
- )Freedom of capitalists to act in their self-interest in managing their business and investments
Compare Capitalism to other economic systems-(Communism, Socialism)
Capitalism is individualist
Other economic systems are based around the community etc.
Of what importance is the division of labor? What methods did Smith use to arrive at his conclusions?
The division of labor is important because it allows people to specialize in certain areas of work. Smith used the trade of the pin-maker. He was not educated to do this type of business so he could only make one pin a day instead of 20. By splitting this work up you could make more pins in one business day.
What is the “natural” and “market” price? What economic process is Smith describing in Book 1, Chapter 7?
The market price is the actual price of the product. The natural price is either below, higher or the same as the market price. The process he is describing is Price of Commodity
What is the “invisible hand” (paragraph 9)? What function does it play?
The invisible hand is a concept that even without any observable intervention free markets will determine and equilibrium in the supply and demand for goods. The invisible hand means that by following their self interest consumers and firms can create and efficient allocation of resources and for the whole society
What are the effects of governments and monopolies on the economy?
Government- distributes the power amongst the people and branches
Monopolies- usually harmful or useless to society
- they can control the production and the price
Define Christianity
A Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or “Messiah”, who is the focal point of the Christian faiths
Identify Modern Statistics
Global Religions:
(1) Christianity- 2.4 Billion/ 33% of the population, 158 countries-50% population are Christians
(2) Islam-
(3) Buddhism-
Christianity-(Greek) Christos-“anointed one”
- Catholic Church,
- Eastern Orthodox Church
- Various denominations of Protestantism
Explain how the role of one God created a new need for people within ancient society.
The role of one God would have been completely different because the Renaissance, Middle Ages, and modernity would have not been the same. These all happened because of religion and different beliefs with this world. This made them need people because they wanted people to practice their faiths and wanted a rebirth for society
Describe the role of “miracles” in converting people to Christianity.
Miracles play a role in converting people to Christianity because they needed to practice forgiveness and to receive eternal rewards and escape eternal punishment. The only religion that practiced this was Christianity which is why people switched over.
Discuss why Christianity was viewed as a “grassroots” movement.
They called Christianity a grassroots movement because it started from the ground up with only Jesus and his “11 disicples”. And it grew so large that it is the number 1 religion in the world today
What group within Roman society was targeted to be converted? According to the article, why did early Christians target this particular group?
Unlike pagans, Christians claimed there was only one God and that he should be worshipped not by sacrifice but by proper belief.
