Western Civilization Ch.1 Quiz

Question 1

Define Western Civilization

Answer 1

a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems and specific artifacts and technologies that have some origin or association with Europe.

Question 2

Identify “The West”

Answer 2

Ancient Greece is considered the birthplace of many elements of Western culture, with the world’s first democratic system of government and major advances in philosophy, science and mathematics.

Question 3

Describe Characteristics of the Modern Western World

Answer 3

1. )Liberal Democracy
2. )Economic Liberalism
3. )Christianity
4. )Separation of Church and State
5. )Progress
6. )Human rights and guaranteed civil liberties

Question 4

List of all countries that are considered a part of “Western Civilization” today

Answer 4

Europe
US
Canada
Australia

Question 5

Liberal Democracy

Answer 5

A liberal political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism.

Question 6

Economic Liberalism

Answer 6

An economic system organized on individual lines, meaning that the greatest possible number of economic decisions are made by individuals or households rather than by collective institutions or organizations

Question 7

Christianity

Answer 7

Christians generally believe Jesus to be God the Son, the second person of the Trinity. It is a monotheistic religion, meaning it has only one God.

Question 8

Separation of Church and State

Answer 8

A philosophic and jurisprudential concept for defining political distance in the relationship between religious organizations and the nation state

Question 9

Progress

Answer 9

forward or onward movement toward a destination.

Question 10

Human rights and guaranteed civil liberties

Answer 10

freedoms guaranteed to us by the Constitution to protect us from tyranny (think: our freedom of speech), while civil rights are the legal rights

Question 11

Define Liberal Democracy

Answer 11

A political ideology and a form of government in which representative democracy operates under the principles of classical liberalism

Question 12

Identify Characteristics of Democracies

Answer 12

1. )Separation of powers into different branches of government,
2. )The rule of law in everyday life as part of an open society
3. )Equal protection of human rights, civil rights, civil liberties and political freedoms for all people

Question 13

Describe events contributing to the development of Liberal Democracy

Answer 13

Magna Carta
Petition of Right
Habeas Corpus Act
Putney Debates
The English Civil Wars
The Glorious Revolution
The English Bill of Rights
The American Revolution
The U.S. Bill of Rights
The French Revolution

Question 14

Magna Carta

Answer 14

June 15, 1215, a charter of liberties to which the English barons forced King John to give his assent at Runnymede, it established the principle that everyone is subject to the law

Question 15

Petition of Right

Answer 15

statement of civil liberties sent by the English Parliament to Charles I . Refusal by Parliament to finance the king’s unpopular foreign policy had caused his government to exact forced loans and to quarter troops in subjects’ houses as an economy measure.

Question 16

Habeas Corpus Act

Answer 16

The Habeas Corpus Act of 1679, was passed during the reign of the restored monarchy of Charles II after the English Civil War. It strengthened the ancient and powerful writ which had been a feature of English Common Law since before Magna Carta.

Question 17

Putney Debates

Answer 17

November 1647, a series of discussions between factions of the New Model Army and the Levellers concerning a new constitution for England

Question 18

The English Civil Wars

Answer 18

August 22, 1642- September 3, 1651, civil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles 1, and it ended the notion of the divine right of the kings and laid the groundwork for the modern UK parliament and monarchy

Question 19

The Glorious Revolution

Answer 19

1688 to 1689, the November 1688 deposition and subsequent replacement of James II and VII as ruler of England, Scotland and Ireland.

Question 20

The English Bill of Rights

Answer 20

1689, a landmark Act in the constitutional law of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown

Question 21

The American Revolution

Answer 21

The American Revolution was a colonial revolt which occurred between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War with the assistance of France, winning independence from Great Britain and establishing the United States of America.

Question 22

The U.S. Bill of Rights

Answer 22

it is the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution. December 15, 1791. It gave us rights and liberties of the people.

Question 23

The French Revolution

Answer 23

The French Revolution began in 1789 and was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies.

Question 24

Define Economic Liberalism (capitalism)

Answer 24

An economic system organized on individual lines, which means the greatest possible number of economic decisions are made by individuals or households then by collective institutions or organizations

Question 25

Define Capitalism

Answer 25

A spectrum of different economic policies, such as freedom of movement, but its basis is on strong support for a market economy and private property in the means of production

Question 26

Identify Characteristics of Capitalism

Answer 26

1. )Capital accumulation: Production for profit and accumulation as the implicit purpose of all or most of production, constriction or elimination of production formerly carried out on a common social or private household basis
2. )Commodity production: Production for exchange on a market; to maximize exchange-value instead of use-value
3. )Private ownership of the means of production
4. )High levels of wage labour
5. )The investment of money to make a profit
6. )The use of the price mechanism to allocate resources between competing uses
7. )Freedom of capitalists to act in their self-interest in managing their business and investments

Question 27

Compare Capitalism to other economic systems-(Communism, Socialism)

Answer 27

Capitalism is individualist

Other economic systems are based around the community etc.

Question 28

Of what importance is the division of labor? What methods did Smith use to arrive at his conclusions?

Answer 28

The division of labor is important because it allows people to specialize in certain areas of work. Smith used the trade of the pin-maker. He was not educated to do this type of business so he could only make one pin a day instead of 20. By splitting this work up you could make more pins in one business day.

Question 29

What is the “natural” and “market” price? What economic process is Smith describing in Book 1, Chapter 7?

Answer 29

The market price is the actual price of the product. The natural price is either below, higher or the same as the market price. The process he is describing is Price of Commodity

Question 30

What is the “invisible hand” (paragraph 9)? What function does it play?

Answer 30

The invisible hand is a concept that even without any observable intervention free markets will determine and equilibrium in the supply and demand for goods. The invisible hand means that by following their self interest consumers and firms can create and efficient allocation of resources and for the whole society

Question 31

What are the effects of governments and monopolies on the economy?

Answer 31

Government- distributes the power amongst the people and branches

Monopolies- usually harmful or useless to society
- they can control the production and the price

Question 32

Define Christianity

Answer 32

A Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life, teachings, and miracles of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as the Christ, or “Messiah”, who is the focal point of the Christian faiths

Question 33

Identify Modern Statistics

Answer 33

Global Religions:

(1) Christianity- 2.4 Billion/ 33% of the population, 158 countries-50% population are Christians
(2) Islam-
(3) Buddhism-

Christianity-(Greek) Christos-“anointed one”

• Catholic Church,
• Eastern Orthodox Church
• Various denominations of Protestantism

Question 34

Explain how the role of one God created a new need for people within ancient society.

Answer 34

The role of one God would have been completely different because the Renaissance, Middle Ages, and modernity would have not been the same. These all happened because of religion and different beliefs with this world. This made them need people because they wanted people to practice their faiths and wanted a rebirth for society

Question 35

Describe the role of “miracles” in converting people to Christianity.

Answer 35

Miracles play a role in converting people to Christianity because they needed to practice forgiveness and to receive eternal rewards and escape eternal punishment. The only religion that practiced this was Christianity which is why people switched over.

Question 36

Discuss why Christianity was viewed as a “grassroots” movement.

Answer 36

They called Christianity a grassroots movement because it started from the ground up with only Jesus and his “11 disicples”. And it grew so large that it is the number 1 religion in the world today

Question 37

What group within Roman society was targeted to be converted? According to the article, why did early Christians target this particular group?

Answer 37

Unlike pagans, Christians claimed there was only one God and that he should be worshipped not by sacrifice but by proper belief.