Human Geography unit 1 test Review Flashcards
What is Human Geography about?
Human geography attends to human patterns of social interaction, as well as spatial level interdependencies, and how they influence or affect the earth’s environment.
Define Human Geography.
Human geography is the branch of geography that deals with the study of people and their communities, cultures, economies, and interactions with the environment by studying their relations with and across space and place.
Define Geography.
Geography is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth and planets.
Define Physical Geography.
Physical geography is the branch of natural science which deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.
Describe the similarities and differences between Human Geography and Physical Geography.
Physical geography focuses on natural processes of the earth, including climate and plate tectonics, while Human geography looks at the impact and behaviour of people and how they relate to the physical world.
Identify the three different types of maps geographers use.
Physical Map, Political Map, and Thematic Map
Physical Map
Focuses on physical features of the place.
Political Map
Shows the spatial organization of the place.
Thematic Map
a unique map because they tend to “tell a story” about the place.
How Do Geographers Describe Where Things Are Located?
Geography is the study of where things are found on Earth’s surface and the reasons for the locations. Human geographers therefore ask two simple questions…Where are people and activities found on Earth? Why are they found there?
Define Cartography
Cartography is the science of mapmaking.
Define Maps
A diagram that represents an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads, etc.
Define Absolute Location
An Absolute Location is the exact site of the exact site on an objective coordinate.
Define Relative Location
A relative location is the position of something relative(near) to another landmark. It is identified by specific coordinates, such as latitude and longitude
Describe the two ways that geographers use maps.
- As a reference tool to identify an object’s absolute and relative location.
- As a communications tool to convey the distribution of human activities or physical features
Identify the progression of early mapmaking
Earliest maps were reference tools—simple navigation devices to show a traveler how to get from Point A to Point B. The first world map prepared by Eratosthenes(276–194 B.C.) Improvements to world map later made by Ptolemy. After Ptolemy, advancements in cartography primarily made outside of Europe by Chinese and Islamic world. Mapmaking revived during the Age of Exploration and Discovery. They first started out as incomplete in a global context.
Define mental maps
A mental map is a personal visualization of spatial information. In other words, it’s a map inside our own minds.
Describe the three was you use mental maps
- Finding our way from point A to point B
- Organizing and storing information for future reference
- A way to make meaning
Discussed how mental maps are used in Human Geography
Mental maps provide people with essential means of making sense of the world and of storing and recalling information about the patterns of Earth’s physical and human features.
Describe the similarities between Human Geography and Physical Geography.
Human geography studies human interactions with the environment(physical geography) by studying their relations with and across space and place.
Describe the differences between Human Geography and Physical Geography.
Physical geography focuses on natural processes of the earth like climate and plate tectonics. Where Human geography is about the effect and behavior of humans.
The 5 themes of Geography
- ) Location
- ) Place
- ) Human-Environment Interaction
- ) Movement
- ) Region
Define location
Location: a particular place or position
Define Place
Place: refers to the physical and human aspects of a location
Define Toponym
Toponym: the name of a place
Define Site
Site: the description of the features of the place
Define Situation
Situation: the environmental conditions of the place, relative location to other things around
Define Region
Region: An area on the planet that is composed of places with a unifying characteristic,(a them of geography)
Define Formal Region
Formal Region: A region whose boundaries are formally defined
Define Functional Region
Functional Region: Usually encompasses a central point with defined boundaries and the area around it that is connected via a well-developed network of transportation and communication systems that facilitates the movement of people, goods, and ideas within that system.
Define Vernacular Region
Vernacular Region: To see the area as one (When places in the world share unifying characteristics)
Compare and Contrast the 3 different types of regions
Functional Region has a central point, Formal Region has defined boundaries, and Vernacular Region is the perception of how people see the region.
Why Are Different Places Similar?
Because of the unique combinations of the human and physical features.
Define Globalization
The process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide
Identify and describe the facilitators of globalization
- ) Imperialism: Government
- ) Trading Goods: Trading Materials
- ) Providing Services: working or helping another nation
- ) Economic Resources of Capital: Trade and transactions with money/ goods
- ) Technology: Such as transportation
- ) Data: Data about land features or about human features
To understand our personal connections to the global process
Very quickly, you will see that you are connected to many more places than you had possibly thought about.(unknowingly connected)
Define Cultural Diffusion
Cultural Diffusion: the process of spreading cultural traits from one region to another
Example of Cultural Diffusion
Example: The spread of McDonald’s restaurants worldwide is an example of cultural diffusion
Define Expansion Diffusion
Expansion Diffusion: an innovation or idea that develops in a source area and remains strong there, while also spreading outward to other areas. This can include hierarchical, stimulus, and contagious diffusion.
Define Relocation diffusion
Relocation diffusion: an idea or innovation that migrates into new areas, leaving behind its origin or source of the cultural trait and bringing what they had with them.
Define Hierarchical diffusion
Hierarchical diffusion: An idea or innovation that spreads by moving from larger to smaller places, often with little regard to the distance between places, and often influenced by social elites.
Define Contagious diffusion
Contagious diffusion: An idea or innovation that spreads based on person-to-person contact within a given population. Cant stop it from spreading.
Define Stimulus diffusion
Stimulus diffusion: an idea or innovation that spreads based on its attachment to another concept.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
Columbian Exchange: the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries.
