Chapter 6 review Western civ Flashcards
Republic:
A form of Roman government where wealthy romans elected leaders to make all government decisions; power belongs to people;
Latin term “res publica”, translates to “the affairs of the people”
Patrician
noble class; “fathers of the state”, or officials who advised the king; controlled the most valuable land and held key military and religious offices; established the republic
Plebeian
common, lower class people; were mostly laborers, peasants, artisans, and shopkeepers; had to pay taxes and serve in Roman army Plebeians & Patricians were the 2 main social classes
Tribune
The elected official of the Plebeians assembly that was set up when they were outside of Rome.
Consul
The chief official elected by the Roman assembly each year who led the armies, served as judges, and acted for citizens of Rome. Each year 2 consuls are elected
Senate
body of 300 men which ran the country; served for life and and were expected to make laws, appoint officials, and serve as judges
Dictator
A ruler with complete authority and with absolute Roman power.
Legion
Roman army unit of about 5,000 men
Punic Wars
series of three wars that Rome fought with Carthage
Hannibal
Carthaginian General who invades Italy during the second Punic War
What do you consider to be the most important event in the chronological timeline for the development of Rome?Why?
I think the most important event is when Rome went from being a Republic to an Empire “The beginning of Roman Empire”
It happens when Julius Ceasar conquers Gaul
Then wins the Civil War and declares himself dictator, and then in 27 BCE adopted son Augustus declared Emperor
What limits were there on the power of the Roman consuls?
They could only serve for one year, the same person could not be elected for ten years, and one consul could always overrule the others decision.
What was the significance of the Twelve Tables?
To ensure that all free citizens had protection under the law, all laws were carved on twelve tablets and hung in a forum.
How was Hannibal’s attack on Rome daring and different?
Instead of a head on attack, he used a surprise attack.
1.) Rome is founded, according to legend (753 B.C). How did geography affect the development of Rome
Was built near the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea (trade opportunities), soil allowed crop production
2.) Etruscan becomes king of Rome (600 B.C). How did the Etruscans influence the development of Rome?
Boasted a system of writing, Romans adopted their alphabet and influenced Rome’s architecture: arch
3.) Roman aristocrats overthrow monarchy and establish a republic (509 B.C).
Which were the main groups that competed for power in the early Roman republic?
Patricians (held power) and Plebeians (vote)
4.) Officials begin writing the Twelve Tables (451 B.C.). What is the significance of the Twelve Tables in Roman law?
Established the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law. Allowed fairness
5.) Rome and Carthage go to war, and Punic Wars begin (264 B.C). What were the causes of the first Punic War?
Fighting for control over Sicily and the Mediterranean Sea
Second Punic War Begins (218 B.C) | Romans defeat Hannibal’s army (202 B.C). What tactic did Scipio use to defeat Hannibal?.
Destroyed Carthage
7.) Third Punic War begins when Rome lays siege to Carthage (149 B.C.) | Rome destroys Carthage (146 B.C).
What was the significance of the Punic Wars for Rome?
Empire grew
Civil War
a conflict between groups within the same country
Julius Caesar
Military leader who joined forces with Crassus and Pompey. He was elected consul in 59 BC
in 60 bc he joined forces with crassus and pompey. in 59 bc caesar was elected for consul of rome. He ruled for 10 years. Caesar came from a noble family, was educated, and he built his power in Gaul where his troops loved him. Caesar wrote a diary of his military story for his campaign. In 46 bc caesar was appointed “dictator” of rome by senate and in 44 bc he named himself dictator for life because of his popularity with the army and with common people. Some of Caesars key reforms include; he granted roman citizenship to people of rome provinces (gaul, spain, africa, etc.), he increased the senate to 900 people which angered the patriciah who started losing power, he forced landowners to employ free men, instead of slaves, he created public work projects to beautify the city and create jobs, and he created the 12 month, july. Caesar’s popularity began to alarm the senate because they felt the republic weaken. On march 15 44 bc he was ambushed in the senate building by his “friends” and was stabbed many times by senators. This created a civil war and struggle for power.
Triumvirate
Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey joined forces and dominated Rome as a triumvirate (group of three rulers)
Julius Cesar
Crassus: Wealthy Roman
Pompey: Popular General
Augustus
“Octavian” was the unchallenged ruler of Rome. “Exalted one”
Octavian formed the second triumvirate with Caesar chief military commanders, Marc Antony and Marcus Aurelius in 43 bc and ruled for 10 years together. Octavian feared that Anthony Would try rule Rome from Egypt. Octavian sent a naval force to battle Antony at sea. Marc Antony fled and Octavian won battle of actium. When returned home, Octavian didn’t claim absolute power, he promised to share power with senate. In 27 bc the senate asked him to take the name Augustus, meaning exalted one. The people were frustrated with war and political instability so they welcomed his leadership. The senate gave him the name of imperator( emperor) and he ruled from 27 bc to 14 ad. Augustus had many accomplishments including creating a paid civil service which administered the empires: tax collections, law enforcement, postal delivery, and food distributions.
Pax Romana
A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 BC to AD 180(longest peace period)
Which category of the Roman Empire do you feel was most significant? Why?
Its strong military and tactics. Roman military policies helped to expand the empire. The soldiers were trained in the latest tactics of war and were well equipped with the weapons of war.
.What factors contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic?
The Empire was far too vast
The Catholic religion split, causing conflict
Constant hammering of Germans and nomads
Losing money because of raids
