Biology Midterm Flashcards
Ch 1,2,7(not 7.3)
Science
An organized way of gathering evidence about the natural world
What are the 3 main goals of science?
Answer questions
Collect data
Solve problems
Scientific Method
O-bservation P-roblem/Question H-ypothesis E-xperiment D-ata collection/Analysis C-onclusion
Independent Variable
Controlled by the experimenter
Dependent Variable
Changes based on the Independent Variable
Controll Group
A group that does not receive any treatment by the experimenters
Controll Variables
The experimental controls
Cell Wall/Membrane
Composed of bilayers that protect and support the cell
Cytoplasm
The region inside the cell that. supports organelles except for the nucleus
Nucleus
Controls all of the cell activity
Nucleolus
Makes Ribosomes
Ribosome
Makes Proteins
Golgi body
Packages and transports proteins
Coarse Adjustment
Brings object into focus
Light source
Where the light comes from
Objective Lenses
Magnifies the sample on the slide
Stage Clips
Holds the slide on the platform
Diaphragm
Controls the amount of light that hits the slide
Base
Supports the microscope
Fine Adjustment
Brings object into sharp focus
Nose Piece
Rotating piece that holds lenses
Stage
A platform that supports microscope slide
Ocular
Used for viewing object with 4x-10x-40x magnification
Vacuole
Provides structural support/storage
Rough ER
Creates and modifies proteins
Smooth ER
Makes membrane lipids and removes toxins
Chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives the plant its green color
Cilia
Small hair like structures used for movement or sensing things
Cytoskeleton
Everything inside the cell
Chromatin
The collection of DNA inside the nucleus
What are the steps to focusing a microscope
Turn on light
Place object on stage and use stage clips
Look into the eye piece and adjust the coarse knob
Choose a objective lense
Adjust the fine focus knob
Carbohydrates Composition
C H O
Lipids Composition
C H O
Nucleic Acids Composition
C H O N P
Proteins Composition
C H O N
Carbohydrates Monomer
Monosaccarides
Lipids Monomer
None
Nucleic Acids Monomer
Nucleotides
Proteins Monomer
Amino Acids
Carbohydrates Functions
Immediate source of energy
Long term source of energy
Structural support
Lipids Functions
Stores energy
Provides water proof coverings
Important chemical messenger
Nucleic Acids Functions
Makes and Stores DNA and RNA
Proteins Functions
Control rate of reactions
Transports substances
Help fight diseases
Carbohydrates Examples
Glucose
Galactose
Lipids Examples
Unsaturated/ Saturated Fats
Nucleic Acids Examples
DNA
RNA
Proteins Examples
Primary/ Secondary Structure
Carbohydrates Foods
Potatoes
Bannas
Pasta
Lipids Foods
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Nucleic Acids Foods
In any animal, fruit or vegetable(chicken, meat, spinach, bananas)
Proteins Foods
Eggs
Meat
Oats
Experimental Group
The group that is being experimented on
Living things obtain and use materials and energy
They obtain energy from energy sources, and use it to grow and develop
Living things respond to their environment
They detect and respond to stimuli from their environment
Living things based on an universal genetic code
They store genetic information which is passed down from parents to offspring
living things reproduce
They reproduce new similar organisms
Living things evolve
Groups of organisms change through time, giving rise to new species
Living things grow and develop
They increase in size and differentiate their cells and begin to look different from one another to perform different functions
Living things maintain a stable internal environment
They keep their internal environment almost the same, even when external conditions change
Living things are made up of cells
Organisms are composed of one or more cells, smallest unit considered life
Sexual Number of Parents
2
Sexual Eggs and Sperm (yes/no)
Yes
Sexual Offspring Different or Identical
Different
Asexual Number of Parents
1
Asexual Eggs and Sperm (yes/no)
No
Asexual Offspring Different or Identical
Identical
Atomic Number
Weight of protons
Number of Electrons
Same as the number of protons
Mass Number
Number of protons and nuetrons
Number of Neutrons
Mass - Atomic number
The protons of an Element________ Changes
Never
Protons Location
Inside the nucleus
Neutrons Location
Inside the nucleus
Electrons Location
Around the nucleus
Protons Charge
Positive
Neutrons Charge
Neutral
Electrons Charge
Negative
How many electrons go around the first, second and third ring
First-2
Second-4
Third-8
Element box order
Atomic Number
Atom Symbol
Atomic Mass
What is an Ion?
A atom or molecule that as a uneven amount of electrons and protons
What charge will an atom have if it loses electron
Positive because the number of protons is greater than the number of electrons
What charge would an atom have if it shares electrons
Neutral because there is no charge
What are isotopes
Same elements with different numbers of neutrons
What is a chemical bond
A lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds
What are enzymes
They speed up the rate of chemical reactions
