Weimar Germany - Ethnic Minorities Flashcards

1
Q

Evidence that Ethnic minorities were equal & integrated into Weimar Society in 1925
-languages

A

-In 1925, there were 500,000 people in Germany who spoke both German & Polish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Evidence that Ethnic minorities were equal & integrated into Weimar Society in 1925
-music

A
  • There was a significant demand for black musicians & singers in jazz clubs
  • they would often earn 4 times as much in Germany than in America, having more freedom & higher status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Evidence that gypsies were unequal & segregated in Weimar Society between 1918-32
-legislation

A
  • Despite Article 113, Bavaria passed a series of laws to control the movement of gypsies in 1926 & 27,
  • forcing their children into schools & adults into work, forcing them to carry identity cards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Evidence that gypsies were unequal & segregated in Weimar Society between 1918-32
-attitude in economy

A

It was thought they didn’t contribute to the economy by not paying taxes or working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Evidence that Black minorities were unequal & segregated in Weimar Society between 1918-32
Aid

A

Former colonies had no right to state aid in times of crisis
or the right to vote,
with land often being taken from them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Evidence that Black minorities were unequal & segregated in Weimar Society between 1918-32
Literature

A
  • They were viewed as racially inferior, as German literature reinforced this,
  • for example George Bucher’s Westfront, celebrated the merciless killing of black soldiers in Africa by German soldiers.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Evidence that Black minorities were unequal & segregated in Weimar Society from 1923
-discrimination

A
  • After 1923, black people faced rising hostility
  • From 1923, approximately 500 mixed race children were born and were denounced as “Germany’s shame’’
  • The Nazis banned performances by black artists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Evidence that Black minorities were unequal & segregated in Weimar Society from 1923
-war

A
  • Black units from French colonies were mobilised and in Germany during the occupation of the Ruhr
  • The German press alleged that the French had deliberately sent black troops to occupy the Rhineland to humiliate the ‘superior white nation’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Evidence that Polish minorities were unequal & segregated in Weimar Society between 1918-32

A
  • There was significant hostility towards Poles because they had fought Germany in the war
  • Between 1925 and 1933, 30,000 Poles left the country
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why in particular was there discrimination against Polish minorities following WW1

A

After World War One, the border between Poland and Germany was redrawn, leaving people from each group on the wrong side of the border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Evidence that Jews were equal & integrated into Weimar Society between 1918-32
Positions in society - marriage

A

In 1915, approximately one-third of all married Jews were married to non-Jews

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Evidence that Jews were equal & integrated into Weimar Society between 1918-32
Positions in society - war

A

85,000 Jewish soldiers had fought for the German army in World War One, and 12,000 had died.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was a consequnce of Walter Rathenau’s assassination regarding policy

A

The government banned many anti-semitic organisations following Walter Rathenau’s Assassination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Evidence that Jews were equal & integrated into Weimar Society between 1918-32
Jobs - cabinet

A

Five Jews held cabinet to posts in the Weimar Republic, including Walter Rathenau who became foreign minister in 1922.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Evidence that Jews were equal & integrated into Weimar Society between 1918-32
Professional Jobs

A
  • Between 1918 and 1932, 75% of Jewish men had professional jobs such as a doctor or lawyer.
  • This compared with 25% of the rest of the population.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Evidence that Jews were equal & integrated into Weimar Society between 1918-32
Jobs - businesses

A

Almost 80% of department store business was conducted by Jewish-run business.

17
Q

Evidence that Jews were unequal & segregated into Weimar Society during the Depression - discrimination

A
  • The economic status of Jews declined in the 1920s, as many were hit by hyperinflation, and then the depression,
  • which led to an increase in discrimination as Jews (along with communists and the government) were blamed for the collapse of the economy and society’s hardships.
18
Q

What was set up to fight the rise in anti-semitism during the Depression

A

Jewish organisations, such as the Reich Federation of Jewish Front Soldiers

19
Q

Evidence that Jews were unequal & segregated into Weimar Society between 1918-32
Politics

A
  • During the years of the Great Depression, more and more people began to support extreme right and left wing parties.
  • Many of which were extremely anti-Semitic.
  • Many members of the judiciary made anti-semitic remarks in their judgements
20
Q

Give evidence of statistsics, that between 1928 and 1932, support for anti-semitic parties rose

A

May 1928: the Nazis received 2.6% of votes
July 1932: the Nazis received 37.4% of votes

21
Q

Evidence that Jews were unequal & segregated into Weimar Society between 1918-32
Organisations

A
  • The German Peoples Offensive and Defensive Alliance was an aggressive, anti-Semitic organisation
  • They believed the Jews had conspired with the Allies and had lost Germany the war
22
Q

The German Peoples Offensive and Defensive Alliance membership rose from…………… to ……………between 1919 and 1923

A

from 25,000 to 170,000

23
Q

Evidence that Jews were unequal & segregated into Weimar Society between 1918-32
The Protestant Church

A

The Protestant Church argued that Jews were fundamentally selfish, putting their personal wealth ahead of the German nation.

24
Q

Evidence that Jews were unequal & segregated in Weimar Society between 1918-32
Pamphlets

A
  • Stereotypes of Jewish people were used in pamphlets to stress the danger that Jews presented to Germany.
  • Polack was an offensive term used to describe Jews who had arrived to Germany from Eastern Europe
  • Other Jews were seen as radical communists
25
Evidence that females in Ethnic minorities were equal & integrated into Weimar Society between 1918-32
* Women in ethnic minorities faced low-level discrimination * In general, they received lower wages and were less likely to be hired by a "German" man.
26
How did Article 113 of the Weimar Constitution protect the rights of minorities
* groups who spoke a different language could not be legally prevented from using their language, * or preserving their national identify, such as in education and their daily lives
27
How did Article 113 of the Weimar Constitution not serve to protect the rights of minorities The Länder
* The Länder did not always adhere to [follow) Article 113. * The Länder had the authority to form and follow their own laws against minorities.
28
How did Article 113 of the Weimar Constitution not serve to protect the rights of minorities Society
* While the Weimar Constitution formally recognized racial equality, much of German society was still profoundly racist. * Stereotypes of Jews and Africans supported a commonly held view that Germans were racially superior.