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Ms Bray - History > Nazi Germany - Education > Flashcards

Nazi Germany - Education Flashcards

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1
Q

Define indoctrinate

A
  • to teach people to fully accept the ideas, opinions & beliefs of a particular group,
  • & to not consider other ideas, opinions & beliefs
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2
Q

Define Gleichschaltung

A
  • '’making the same’’
  • the process by which Nazi Germany successively established a system of complete coordination over all aspects of society
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3
Q

List the variety of aims of Nazi Education Policies

A
  • for children to adhere to nationalistic Nazi ideas & beliefs
  • militarise a physically healthy youth
  • centralised state-run system
  • impose social darwinism - destruction of the weak
  • brainwashing to make them fight for the Fuhrer
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4
Q

What were the continuities with weimar education regarding the structure of the school system

A
  • classless, equal state-system of education
  • compulsory education from 6-14
  • state school structure remained
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5
Q

What were the continuities with weimar education regarding the role of teachers

A
  • right-wing profession
  • (1933 - 300 university professors signed an appeal to the German people to vote Nazi)
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6
Q

What were the continuities with weimar education regarding the students & the curriculum

A
  • right-wing student base
  • (1931: anti-semitic riots in universities, 60% of students were members of the Nazi Student’s league)
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7
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the structure of the education system
-Centralised structure

A
  • The länder lost control of education, it became centralised
  • Bernhard Rust was made head of the new Ministry for Education, Culture and Science of the Reich in May 1934.
  • 1935 series of central directives (orders) controlled what was taught in schools for all years & all subjects across Germany
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8
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the structure of the education system
-abolition of certain school-types

A
  • Private primary school education was abolished
  • Confessional schools abolished
  • Fee-paying secondary schools and universities remained only for “pure Germans”
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9
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the structure of the education system
-divided education

A
  • March 20, 1933: Separate secondary education for boys and girls (to prepare for stereotyped roles)
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10
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the structure of the education system
-military schools

A
  • April 20, 1933:
  • 21 National Political Education Institutions (Napolas) opened
  • schools to train group of boys for the armed forces
  • (12-18 years)
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11
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the structure of the education system
-govt schools

A
  • 1937 Adolf Hitler Schools set up for students, 12-18 years,
  • You would be selected by local Germans Young Folk,
  • if you had skills the state seekd for parliamentary jobs in the future
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12
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the structure of the education system
-elite boarding schools

A
  • Castles of the Order (Ordensburgen): 3 elite boarding schools to train boys for entry into government service (12-18 years)
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13
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the role of teachers
National Socialist Teachers League

A
  • National Socialist Teachers League (NSLB) established in April 1929
  • By 1935, 25% of teachers joined
  • By 1937, 95% of teachers had joined as it was impossible to get a job if you were not a member
  • it ran compulsory courses for teachers e.g. Nazi ideology and changes to curriculum
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14
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the role of teachers
undesirable teachers

A
  • “Undesirable” teachers purged by law in April 1933
  • 60% of teachers were purged
  • 15% of university professors racial and political grounds
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15
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the role of teachers
-more control over who can be a teacher

A
  • September 24, 1935: Ministry of Education controlled the selection and training of teachers and professors.
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16
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the role of teachers
-respect

A
  • Reduced respect for teaching profession
  • 1938: there were 8,000 teaching vacancies
17
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the role of teachers
-the leadership principle

A
  • Eührerprinzip (the “leadership principle”) was introduced in schools and universities
  • Teachers were not consulted on education policy.
  • Headteachers made all the decisions which had to be based on Nazi ideals
18
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the students & the curriculum
-purpose of curriculum

A
  • Curriculum was determined by central government -
  • specific subjects had to be taught to educate children to become “good Nazis”;
  • schools were a place to indoctrinate children, and to teach loyalty to Hitler and Germany
19
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the students & the curriculum
-Nationalist socialism

A
  • December 1st, 1936: A law was passed which stated that all German youths were te be educated according to the philosophies of Nationalist Socialism from the age of 10
20
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the students & the curriculum
-radical curriculum

A
  • Radicalisation of curriculum:
  • Greater emphasis on physical fitness, 15% of curriculum)
  • racial purity (Aryans = superior race, Slave races were inferior and Jews the source of Germany’s problems)
  • History (creation of a Volksgemeinschaft and sense of nationhood)
  • anti-intellectual and Health Biology (focused on race, eugenics and motherhood for girls)
  • Religious Studies dropped
21
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the students & the curriculum
-stereotypes

A
  • Stereotyped roles:
  • Girls - modern languages or home economics
  • Boys science, modern languages or classics → prepare for university
22
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the students & the curriculum
-labour

A
  • Students completed Labour Service (e.g. work on farms) and military training for a number of weeks of the year
23
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the students & the curriculum
-textbooks

A
  • Censored textbooks - booklets printed to support new areas of curriculum;
  • sources of propaganda, e.g. maths equations
  • enforcing that schools were vehicles for communicating Nazi ideology
24
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving the students & the curriculum
-anti-semitism

A
  • Jewish children were forced out of German schools to attend Jewish schools (abolished 1942)
25
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving outside of school
-Hitler Youth

A
  • The Hitler Youth movement was set up with separate groups for girls and boys.
  • All other youth movements were abolished
  • In 1936, the Hitler Youth had 4 million members, and it became compulsory to join the Hitler Youth.
26
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving outside of school
-indoctrinating classifcation of boys

A
  • Boys: Pimpfen (“Little Folk) from 6 years
  • Jungvolk (“Youngsters”) from 10 years
  • Hitler Jungend (“Hitter Youth”) from 14-18 years
27
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving outside of school
-indoctrinating classifcation of girls

A
  • Girls Jungmadel “Young Girls” from 10 years
  • Bund Deutsches Madel “Association of German Young Women” from 14 years
28
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving outside of school
-pamphlets

A
  • These organisations aimed to reinforce messages taught in schools.
  • E.g. Pamphlets were issued which condemned the Treaty of Versailles, and explained racial purity and the importance of having strong, healthy babies
29
Q

Describe the key changes in Nazi Germany involving outside of school
-obedience in the Hitler Youth

A
  • Members of the Hitler Youth were expected to report on anything their teachers (or family) did which went against Nazi values.
30
Q

Impact of Nazi policies affecting the structure of the education system

A
  • Those in university were still mainly upper and middle class children
  • Exactly the same number of working class children went to university in 1939 as in 1933
31
Q

Impact of Nazi policies affecting the role of teachers

A
  • Standards of education declined under anti-academic ethos of schools
  • Reduced respect for teaching profession
  • Reduced standards of entry employing unqualified teaching assistants
32
Q

Impact of Nazi policies affecting the students & the curriculum

A
  • Fewer students completed academic education (government control over selection of university students and quota established for each region)
  • Only 10% of university students were female
  • Exactly the same number of working class children went to university in 1939 as in 1933
33
Q

Impact of Nazi policies affecting outside of school

A
  • 1939: 90% of young people in Germany were members of the Hitler Youth
  • Hitler Youth became less popular once it was compulsory

Ms Bray - History (35 decks)

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