Weimar Germany - Education Flashcards

1
Q

what are the Weimar Government’s series of goals for education

A
  • Integrated system - more working class children in education
  • Single type (secular) schools - phasing out of religious schools
  • Abolish fee paying schools
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2
Q

The weimar government also wanted a …………… educational system that served all children regardless of ………

A

common and integrated
background

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3
Q

What were the 2 school levels in Weimar Germany

A

Elementary (primary - 6-9 years) and Secondary (9-14).

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4
Q

There was also a move towards removing……… control over schools as religious schools tended to ………. some students.

A

church
privilege

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5
Q

Education was compulsory until ___

A

14

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6
Q

what were the beliefs behind the Weimar governments ideal education system

A

moral education, personal development & vocational training

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7
Q

What was the Grandschule (primary level)

A

the compulsory and free education system (primary school)set up for children aged 6 to 10 years

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8
Q

What were confessional schools (primary level)

A
  • Faith-based schools which could run privately in Weimar Germany
  • These were mainly Protestant, Catholic & Jewish
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9
Q

What were common schools (primary level)

A

a school that took children of all religious faiths & gave them a separate religious education

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10
Q

What were secular schools

A

A school with no religion at all

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11
Q

What did The school law of 1920 state

A
  • Tried to create a single type of primary school to ensure that all Germans received a standard education for the first 4 years of their lives.
  • Schools that selected on ability and religion were phased out.
  • This meant the WR met the aim of creating an integrated system
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12
Q

How did the government phase out religious education in primary schools

A
  • Stopped clerical inspections of schools standards (inspections by members of the clergy)
  • stopped school prayer
  • allowed selected parents to remove their own children from religious education
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13
Q

Characteristics of the Grandschule

A
  • Compulsory and free primary education
  • Attended by children aged 6 to 9 years
  • Prepared all students for future secondary education, and gave all students the opportunity for higher education at university level
  • Education continued to be run by the Lander
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14
Q

What happened with the 1927 education bill proposal

A

The bill did not pass as its contents could not be agreed

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15
Q

Fee-paying preparatory schools were …..

A

abolished

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16
Q

In 1927 what bill was put forward to the Reichstag regarding education

A
  • Confessional, common and secular schools be set up on an equal footing
  • Allow churches to play a greater role in education
  • Children in common schools would have religious education in their own religion, separate from other religions
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17
Q

Who supported the 1927 education bill proposal

A

All over Germany, people supported the bill (e.g. the Reich Parent’s League)

18
Q

Who didn’t support the 1927 education bill proposal

A

Groups (e.g. the Volkskirche Association for Evangelical Freedom) vigorously opposed it as they wanted religion to be a matter of religious bodies, not schools.

19
Q

The Weimar government’s failure to introduce a federal education bill meant that…..

A

the education system of Germany remained diverse and under the control of the Länder.

20
Q

What were non-confessional schools

A

Non-confessional, common schools were set up by the Weimar government, which students of different faiths could attend.

21
Q

How could confessional schools run

A

Confessional schools could only run as fee-paying private schools.

22
Q

Radical Education: who was Rudolf Steiner?

A
  • One of the most famous educational reformers of period.
  • He argued that schools should be independent of government or the church.
  • Schools should simply serve the interests of the students.
  • He opened 4 schools between 1919 and 1925 that rejected hierarchy/emphasised whole body learning
23
Q

In Weimar Germany, __________ became a university programme

A

teacher training

24
Q

In 1931, how many faith schools were there (protestant, catholic, jewish)

A

29,020 Protestant schools,
15,256 Catholic schools
97 Jewish schools

25
Q

By the end of the Weimar Republic, around ___% of schools were faith-based.

A

80

26
Q

In 1931, how many common & secular schools were there

A

8921 common schools
295 secular schools.

27
Q

……… no longer had the right to run state schools but could continue running private schools

A

Churches

28
Q

How did education contribute to the growing disillusionment with the Weimar Republic

A
  • Education became apart of the debate as to whether democracy worked or not
  • Many Catholics and Protestants began to feel that democracy was essentially anti-Christian,
  • and essentially undemocratic, evident through the churches no longer being able to run state-schools
29
Q

Why did the government introduce the Aufbauschule

A
  • To offer a gymnasium type secondary education to poor children who could not pay.
  • This was an attempt to make education fairer.
30
Q

All students who wanted to go to university had to pass the …….. exam.

A

Arbitur

31
Q

After grandschule, aged …, your career was…

A

9
decided, determined by the specialised school you attended

32
Q

With secondary schools, Some schools were ………….. but many were …….

A

state run
private

33
Q

What were the 3 elements of the Weimar Republic’s three-part secondary school system

A

Gymnasium
Hauptschule
Realschule

34
Q

What was a gymnasium

A
  • a secondary school
  • that students attended for 9 years,
  • to secure the qualifications to go to university,
  • and then take up a professional job
35
Q

What was a realschule

A
  • a secondary school
  • that students attended for 6 years
  • in order to go into business or technical training
36
Q

What was a hauptschule

A
  • A secondary school
  • that students attended for 5 years
  • in order to go on to do apprenticeships or trade
37
Q

the Weimar Republic’s three-part secondary school system were often….

A

fee-paying

38
Q

A 1928 survey of the fathers of university students found that …% were civil servants working in government organisations, and only ….% were working class.

A

45%
2.3%

39
Q

Why could the Weimar government not reform the system of higher education including universities

A

the Weimar Constitution’s principle of freedom of choice meant that universities could carry on as before

40
Q

What were university corporations

A
  • Universities had their own student “corporations”, seen to assist a student in pursuing a career path
  • The “duelling” corporations, where differences were settled by swordfight, were popular with the sons of wealthy landowners
  • Non-duelling corporations were seen as socially inferior
41
Q

In 1928, …% of students were members of a university corporations

A

65

42
Q

What did wealthy families worry about in education

A

That their children were losing their traditional privileges & that educational standards were falling